<p>The Janney Elementary School is a school for kids from Pre-K through 5th grade. The school enrolls approximately 580 students.</p><br>
<p>The building itself is noted as a historic school building, located at 4130 Albemarle Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Tenleytown neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Janney Elementary School opened in 1925, as:</p><br>
<p>In 1926, principal Blanche Pulizzi provided space for Tenleytown’s public library.</p><br>
<p>In 1932, the west wing was completed.</p><br>
<p>A renovation started in 2010, and was completed in 2011. A separate renovation took place in 2012, that expanded the west wing of the school, and added classrooms.</p><br>
<p>It was listed by the D.C. Historic Preservation Review Board, in 2009.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Its principal is Alysia Lutz.</p><br>
<p>Belston Loch , also recorded as Dromsmodda Loch Parish of Ochiltree, Scotland.</p><br>
<h2>The loch</h2><br>
<p>Belston Loch in the 1880 is recorded as being 400m x 300m, the largest of four small lochs, two of them artificial, within the Parish of Ochiltree. Otherwise surrounded by farmland, the south-west area has a few hectares of woodland adjoining the lochshore.</p><br>
<h3>Etymology</h3><br>
<p>Recorded as Drumsmodda Loch in circa 1654, a Drumsmodden Farm is still extant. The Celtic name may survive in the name Polquhairn or Quhairn Pool.</p><br>
<h3>Cartographic evidence</h3><br>
<p>Robert Gordons map of circa 1636-52 marks the loch and Auchencloigh Castle nearby., located on the Taiglum Burn. Blaeu map of circa 1654 taken from Timothy Ponts map of circa 1600 shows a Drumsmodda Loch (sic) and nearby Auchencloigh Castle (sic) with significant grounds and woodland. A location recorded as Belstain is nearby. Molls map of 1745 shows a single loch that may be Belston. Roys map of 1747 records the loch position. Armstrongs map of 1775 shows a substantial loch with a Belstoun and a Drumsmiden nearby. In 1821 the loch is clearly shown. In 1832 Thomsons map shows Belton Loch&#39; with an inflow burn from Polquhairn.</p><br>
<h2>Uses</h2><br>
<p>The loch is part of Mauchline & Ballochmyle Angling Club; it holds some large rainbow, brown trout, and has some pike.</p><br>
<p>Curling matches are recorded as having taken place at the loch and a Belston Curling Club existed in the early 20th century. Wattie Young of Polquhairn held the club&#39;s minutes book.</p><br>
<h2>Auchencloigh Castle</h2><br>
<p>Auchencloigh Castle or Auchincloigh Castle (NGR NS 4945 1666) is a ruined fortification in the vicinity of Belston Loch near the Burnton Burn, lying within the feudal lands of the Craufurd Clan, situated in the Parish of Ochiltree, East Ayrshire, Scotland.</p><br>
<h2>Micro-history</h2><br>
<p>The area has seen extensive coal mining activity with an open cast mine and collieries at Drumsmodden, Polquhairn, Old Polquhairn, Auchlin, etc.</p><br>
<p>George Douglas Browns father lived at Drumsmodden Farm. George was the author of The House with the Green Shutters.</p><br>
<p>Early highways ran close to the loch, as indicated by names such as Glenconner, conaire being a Gaelic word for "path", and there is a farm called Rottenrow near to Glenconner, possibly derived from Route de Roi, or King&#39;s Highway.</p><br>
<p>The John Steinbeck House at 16250 Greenwood Lane in Monte Sereno, California, was the home of author John Steinbeck from 1936 to 1938. The house was built in 1936 for Steinbeck and his wife, Carol. While living in the house, Steinbeck wrote The Grapes of Wrath and completed Of Mice and Men. The Steinbecks added a guest house to the property after the house&#39;s completion; renowned actors, literary agents, and friends of the Steinbecks stayed in the guest house while visiting the couple. In 1938, the Steinbecks left the house, as they felt that its location was no longer as secluded as it had been two years earlier.</p><br>
<p>The John Steinbeck House was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 28, 1989. Unlike Steinbeck&#39;s birthplace in Salinas, California, this house is now a private residence home and is closed to the public.</p><br>
<p>Nuku Hiva  is the largest of the Marquesas Islands in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. It was formerly also known as Île Marchand and Madison Island.</p><br>
<p>Herman Melville wrote his book Typee based on his experiences in the Taipivai valley in the eastern part of Nuku Hiva. Robert Louis Stevensons first landfall on his voyage on the Casco was at Hatiheu, on the north side of Nuku Hiva, in 1888.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Coast</h3><br>
<p>The coastline of western Nuku Hiva is characterized by a steep, but fairly regular coastline, indented occasionally by small bays leading to deep valleys, which lead into the interior. There are no villages on this side.</p><br>
<p>The coastline of the eastern part of the island has few places to land by sea and takes the brunt of the ocean swells.</p><br>
<p>The north, on the other hand, is indented by deep bays, the largest of which are Anahō and Hatiheu. A&#39;akapa bay is not as large but has a village of the same name.</p><br>
<p>The south has fewer bays, among which those of Taiohae, Taipivai, Hooumi, Hakaui (the last three are parts of the larger Baie du Contrôleur) and the bays of Hakau&#39;i and Hakatea both accessed by the same narrow entrance.</p><br>
<h3>Inland</h3><br>
<p>The central part of the island is a high plateau called Toovii, covered primarily by a tall-grass prairie, on which experiments in cattle raising are taking place for the first time — 15 years ago all the cattle were feral and hunted with rifles.</p><br>
<p>On the western edge of Toovii rises Tekao, the islands highest peak, which reaches an elevation of 1224 m (4,016 ft). The western and northern edges of Toovi&#39;i are a mountain ridge, which catches much of the rain that waters the island.</p><br>
<p>Pine forest plantations covering large areas all around the crater of Toovii give an overall impression of the lower Alps and parts of Germany, Wales and Switzerland. In one place, Vaipō Waterfall, the collected water falls off a highland and falls 350 m (1,148 ft).</p><br>
<p>The slopes of the north western side of the island are much drier than the rest of the island, and are often described as a desert named Te Henua a Taha or "Terre Déserte" in French.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>Nuku Hiva is administratively part of the commune (municipality) of Nuku-Hiva, itself in the administrative subdivision of the Marquesas Islands.</p><br>
<p>The administrative centre of the commune of Nuku-Hiva and also of the administrative subdivision of the Marquesas Islands is the settlement of Taioha&#39;e, located on the south side of Nuku Hiva, at the head of the bay of that same name.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>The population in 2007 was 2,660. This is substantially less than that encountered at the end of the 16th century when the Spaniards first sighted the island. Contacts with Europeans may have brought new world infections such as venereal disease and influenza causing high mortality. Historical sources are sparse and it is unclear when various diseases commonly seen in the New World, Europe and Asia first appeared in Nuku Hiva.</p><br>
<p>The population is primarily Polynesian with a small proportion of Europeans, mostly from Metropolitan France. At the 2002 census, 92.6% of Nuku Hivas residents were born in French Polynesia while 148 people, making up 5.6% of Nuku Hivas residents, were people born in Metropolitan France.</p><br>
<p>The primary diet of people tends to be breadfruit, taro, manioc, coconut and many kinds of fruit, which grow in abundance. Goats, fish and, more rarely, pigs, are the main sources of meat but there is a growing amount of local beef available. Imported food is also freely available, including apples, grapes, celery, and even sliced bread from New Zealand. Two local bakeries produce baguettes, another cheap staple. Considerable rice is also eaten. There are a great many wild pigs on the island as well as those reared on the agricultural college. The wild pigs are a cross between the Polynesian pig brought by the first settlers and the wild boar brought by the Europeans.</p><br>
<p>There is one jail on the island, which was generally used for short stay internments such as the last 3 months of sentences and was also often altogether empty. Lately, however, prisoners can opt to do their full sentence here if they have no family on Tahiti so the Nuku Hiva jail now has inmates all the time.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>Nuku Hiva is served by a single-runway airport in the northwest corner of the island, approximately 50 km by road, northwest of Taioha&#39;e.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Ancient Period</h3><br>
<p>Nuku Hiva was, in ancient times, the site of two provinces, Te I&#39;i covering somewhat more than the western two thirds of the island, and Tai Pī, covering the eastern third.</p><br>
<p>Latest studies indicate that the first people to arrive here came from west Polynesia around 2000 years ago, only later colonizing Tahiti, Hawai&#39;i, The Cook Islands and New Zealand.</p><br>
<p>The legend has it that Ono, the god of creation, promised his wife to build a house in one day, so he gathered together land and created these islands, which are all named after parts of the house, Nuku Hiva being the roof. Everything he had left over he threw to one side and created a dump which is called Ua Huka. From these supposed origins the population rose to an untenable size; first European estimates vary from 50,000 to 100,000.</p><br>
<p>Food became of prime importance. Breadfruit was the staple, but taro, plantain and manioc also played a big part. As for meat, fish was the main source, but even so was limited because of the quantity needed to feed so many mouths. Pigs, chickens and dogs were also cultivated, and hunted when they took to the wild.</p><br>
<p>It is still debated why many Polynesian tribes or nations practiced cannibalism. Indeed, a large number of Pacific Islands residents did so in pre-historic times. One theory is that cannibalism was more for food than ritual, although ritual played a big part. An offering to the gods was called Ika, which means fish, and a sacrifice was caught and, just like a fish, was hung by a fishhook in the sacred place.</p><br>
<p>Those to be eaten were tied and hung up in trees until needed, then had their brains bashed out on execution blocks with a club. Women and children seem to have been cannibalized just for food, whereas warriors killed in battle were offerings to the gods and were eaten by their conquerors to absorb their power; their skulls were kept by their slayers for the same reason.</p><br>
<h3>Colonial Period</h3><br>
<p>On July 21, 1595 Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira stopped at Fatu Iva and called the islands Los Marquesas after the wife of the Viceroy of Peru. James Cook likewise visited the south in 1774, and the Solide expedition in 1791. There is little evidence that these visits led to the introduction of diseases, perhaps because slow passages inhibited the diseases aboard the ships. It seems that it was the commercial shipping, taking on sandalwood, and the whaling ships that brought the epidemics that killed nine out of ten Polynesians.</p><br>
<p>The Marquesas was a whaling station, even though there were no whales nearby. This happened because the females were so friendly, they would swim out to meet the ships. There is no known case of rape against any Marquesan female, though the opposite was never reported. The great decline in population was after the doctors left because whaling declined. There was nobody to treat the infected natives.</p><br>
<h4>Nuku Hiva Campaign</h4><br>
<p>During the wars between the Te I&#39;i and the Tai Pī, on October 25, 1813, the American Captain David Porter arrived in the frigate USS Essex, the flagship of his fleet of ten other armed ships. A shore party was landed and they claimed the island for the United States and constructed a small village, named Madisonville. A fortification, named Fort Madison, and a dock were also built, the latter to refit the Essex. Almost immediately Porter became involved in the tribal conflict.</p><br>
<p>The first expedition into the jungle was led by Lieutenant John Downes. He and forty others, with the assistance of several hundred Te Iis, captured a fort held by 3,000 to 4,000 Happah warriors. The victory forced the Happah to terms and they allied themselves with both the Americans and the Te Ii. Porter himself led a second expedition in which he made an amphibious assault against the Tai Pī held coastline. Five thousand Te I&#39;is and Happahs accompanied the fleet in at least 200 war-canoes.</p><br>
<p>Though the landing was unopposed, Porters force of thirty men and a cannon led the march inland where they found another, more formidable, enemy fort. The thousands of natives, armed with rocks and spears but positioned in a formidable mountain fortress, were able to fend off their attackers. The victory was short-lived however and Captain Porter followed up his landing with an expedition overland, bypassing the fort, to threaten the Tai Pīs village center in Typee Valley as the Americans named it.</p><br>
<p>When the column arrived at their destination it was November 30 of 1813. The first shots fired occurred after the Tai Pī&#39;s attempted to ambush the column, the attack was beaten off Porter issued a message warning that if the Tai Pī did not cease their resistance at once, he would destroy the villages. After a little while of waiting, the hostiles seemed to ignore the demands so the expedition advanced. An engagement ensued as the villages were burned.</p><br>
<p>In the end, the Americans and their Te I&#39;i and Happah allies had won at severe cost to the enemy, who sued for peace soon after. The next few months were peaceful until May 1814. The War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom was in its third year and most of the American fleet was captured British privateers. At least six British prisoners were at Nuku Hiva during the American operations against the natives, not including a number who volunteered to fight for Captain Porter.</p><br>
<p>In December 1813, Porter left Nuka Hiva to continue raiding British whalers. He left behind only nineteen navy sailors and six prisoners under two midshipmen and United States Marine Corps Lieutenant John M. Gamble. On May 7, 1814, a group of the British sailors mutinied, released the six prisoners, and attacked the fort. Gamble was wounded in the foot and taken captive with his remaining men on the converted whaler Seringapatam though the Americans were set adrift later that day.</p><br>
<p>Another version, told in the book "The Washington Islands" and given by the head archeologist of French Polynesia, is that Porter and his fleet of three ships (including two captured British ships) came to Taioha&#39;e and made a prison there. Porter sent some of his cannons overland, and took three days to get to Taipivai. He also then had his ships go into Taipivai harbor.</p><br>
<p>Porter called it a great victory even though the villagers simply left; the chief thought Porter was insane. Porter went back to Taiohae where he had a prison set up for the British sailors. Porters men became lax because they were more interested in the village women, enabling the British sailors to break out and make the Americans prisoners. Soon the British in turn became lax, and the Americans broke out of the prison and made the British prisoners.</p><br>
<p>The chief had had enough of this "civilized" behavior and told Porter to "Get out". Porter left. When Porter got back to the US, he went in front of congress and proudly told congress that he claimed the Washington Islands as American. Congress was aghast that American sailors would habitate with the islanders so that congress negated Porters claim. Congress didnt want the "shame" that American sailors would act like that. Some years later Porter became chief of Mexicos navy.</p><br>
<p>An Englishman, named Wilson, on the island was used as an interpreter by the American navy, and on May 9 he convinced the Te Ii that Porter would not return from his raid, which the natives were not happy about. Wilson eventually persuaded the Te Iis to cancel the alliance and attack. Six American sailors were on the beach at Madisonville at the time, four of the men were killed and one other man escaped wounded with a second survivor. Gamble was alone on the Sir Andrew Hammond, one of the captured British ships. While still recovering from his wound to the foot, two Te Ii war-canoes attacked the ship. The ships cannon were already loaded, so Lieutenant Gamble stumbled from one gun to another, firing them as fast as he could. Ultimately Gamble beat off the enemy attack single-handedly, but, after the deaths of four of his men in town, there was no choice but to abandon the colony with the remaining seven, all of whom were either wounded or ill. After that the base was never again occupied by American forces. Captain Porter, who intended to sail back to Nuka Hiva, was captured at the Battle of Valparaíso on March 28, his claim on Nuku Hiva was never ratified by the United States Congress and in 1842 France took possession of the whole group, establishing a settlement which was abandoned in 1859.</p><br>
<h3>Modern Period</h3><br>
<p>A ship from Peru captured people from &#39;Ua Pou and took them back as slaves, but as the Catholic Church had converted the islands to Christianity by then, there was a protest and those captives who were still alive were sent back. However, this was a mixed blessing because they brought typhoid fever. A population in excess of 100,000 in 1820 fell to 6,000 in 1872, to 3,000 in 1911 and to a low point of 2,200 in 1927. It seemed that there was no way the Marquesans would survive, but two French doctors toured the islands giving vaccinations and medical care and halted the heavy death toll. Leprosy, however, was still a problem only 20 years ago and elephantiasis is only now almost gone.</p><br>
<p>Due to its isolation from Tahiti and the will of most of the population, it has been spared the fate of its capital and remains a mysterious undeveloped archipelago.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, France successfully requested that a 20-year moratorium be applied to French Polynesia to stop it from being incorporated into the European Union. One of the driving factors was to stop non-French investment in property for the time being.</p><br>
<p>The then-mayor of Nuku Hiva, Lucien Kimitete, who promoted separation of the Marquesas Islands from French Polynesia within the French Republic, was killed in an airplane accident in May 2002, along with MP Boris Leontieff, Mayor of Arue in Tahiti. Many locals still believe this crash was not properly investigated. There is a considerable amount of latent resentment and hostility about this. Since the death of Lucien Kimitete, Marquesan political leaders have repeatedly declared themselves in favor of separating from French Polynesia and remaining within the French Republic in case French Polynesian political leaders in Tahiti would proclaim the independence of French Polynesia.</p><br>
<h2>Media use</h2><br>
<p>In 2001, Nuku Hiva was used as the filming location for the fourth season of the American reality competition series Survivor, airing in the United States in 2002.</p><br>
<p>British explorer and presenter Ben Fogle filmed an episode of Ben Fogle: New Lives in the Wild in 2015 with a nomadic couple who reside on a boat, which was moored off Nuku Hiva at the time of his week-long visit. They sailed from the south west to the north east.</p><br>
<h2>In literature</h2><br>
<p>In his science fiction novel Paris in the Twentieth Century, written in 1863, Jules Verne describes Nuku Hiva as one of the main stock exchanges of the world of 1960:</p><br>
<p>The Towerrining Lake and Moodiarrup Swamps Important Bird Area is a 971 hectare site comprising a cluster of wetlands on the Blackwood River about 40 km south of Darkan, and 45 km north-west of Kojonup, in the south-west of the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The site consists of the 160 hectare Towerrining Lake, a highly modified brackish lake, with adjacent brackish swampland to its north-west, unofficially known as Moodiarrup Swamp NW. It encompasses the Towerrining Nature Reserve. The lake receives water from the swamp, rainfall and local streams. It has open water bordered by a fringe of paperbarks. Waterskiing is seasonally popular, with a caravan park, campsite and picnic grounds adjacent to the wetlands. When flooded, the semi-permanent swamp consists of open water with isolated shrubs and stands of dead trees. The wetlands have suffered from rising water levels and increased salinity but continue to be important for many waterbirds. The region has a temperate Mediterranean climate with cool, wet winters and warm, dry summers.</p><br>
<h2>Birds</h2><br>
<p>The site has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it periodically supports over 1% of the world population of blue-billed ducks. Other waterbirds recorded using the site in relatively large numbers include Australian shelducks, grey teals and hoary-headed grebes.</p><br>
<p>The Chagos-Laccadive Ridge , also known as Chagos-Laccadive Plateau, is a prominent volcanic ridge and oceanic plateau extending between the Northern and the Central Indian Ocean.</p><br>
<p>The CLR extends northward for approximately 2350 km from 9°S at the southern end of the Chagos Archipelago to 14° north around the Adas Bank. The islands of Chagos, the Maldives and Lakshadweep are the above-water parts of the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge.</p><br>
<p>The vast Chagos-Laccadive Ridge was formed by the Réunion volcanic hotspot along with the southern part of the Mascarene Plateau. Both plateaux are volcanic traces of the Réunion hotspot.</p><br>
<p>Although the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge is an aseismic ridge, between 1965 and 1970 an unusual, isolated swarm of earthquakes occurred on the west side of the Great Chagos Bank at approximately .</p><br>
<p>The Hasselbrack, at, is the highest point in the state of Hamburg, Germany.</p><br>
<p>It is located on the southern border of the city state with Lower Saxony in the "Black Hills" (Schwarze Berge), a northern outlier of the Harburg Hills in the quarter of Neugraben-Fischbek. It lies within the Rosengarten State Forest close to the Daerstorf Heath (Daerstorfer Heide) between the settlement of Waldfrieden in the north (which belongs to Fischbek), Neu Wulmstorf-Tempelberg in the west and Rosengarten-Alvesen in the east.</p><br>
<p>On the "summit" of the Hasselbrack there is a trigonometric point, that is located in the wood just a few metres from the footpath and which marks the highest point. On 16 July 2011 a wooden summit cross was erected here, replaced in 2013 by a summit obelisk.</p><br>
<p>Barr Beacon Reservoir is a covered, hill-top drinking water reservoir at Barr Beacon, Walsall, England, opened in 1899. It is operated by South Staffs Water.</p><br>
<p>One of the uses of the reservoir is to transfer water from the company&#39;s works at Hampton Loade, on the River Severn, to Burton upon Trent. Water is pumped uphill from the Sedgley Beacon Reservoirs, which receive water from Hampton Loade, through 45 in mains to Barr Beacon Reservoir via West Bromwich Booster. A 36 in main then carries water by gravity via Seedy Mill works to Burton on Trent.</p><br>
<p>The water company also operates a weather station, one of several in its network, at the reservoir, to monitor temperature, hours of sunshine, and rainfall.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir was re-roofed in 1969, temporarily exposing the brick arches which support the roof.</p><br>
<p>In August 2013, Severn Trent Water launched a £2 million project to build a 2 1/2 mile pipeline linking their Perry Barr Reservoir to Barr Beacon Reservoir, to allow for the exchange of water in emergencies such as severe droughts.</p><br>
<h2>2011 flooding incident</h2><br>
<p>Shortly after 5am on 12 November 2011, the 36-inch water main north of the reservoir burst, emptying the reservoir of around 2,000,000 litre of water, and flooding up to 150 homes in Aldridge Road, and Elm Tree Road in the Blackwood estate in the Streetly area of Sutton Coldfield.</p><br>
<p>Dozens of families had to be evacuated. Eleven fire trucks, from stations as far away as Erdington, and a high-volume pump from Sheldon, attended. A fire service boat was also deployed. ambulance service and a specialist Automobile Association vehicle recovery unit also attended. Waters did not subside until 8am. The cause of the burst was not known, but South Staffs Water estimated that the floods caused more than a £1 million of damage.</p><br>
<p>Seana Bhràigh is a mountain east of Ullapool, in the Highlands of Scotland.</p><br>
<h2>Ascent</h2><br>
<p>The main approach is from the A835 road through the Lael Forest then over the Coire an Lochain Sgeirich ridge at the head of Gleann a Mhadaidh. The base of the hill is then reached across pathless boggy terrain, keeping the cliffs of Cadha Dearg to the north. The distance to the summit is 13.5 km and will take the average hill climber just under 5 hours to reach. This makes Seana Bhràigh one of the two most inaccessible Scottish hills, along with A Mhaighdean, north of Kinlochewe. A ski approach is possible in winter, providing a "superb" run from the summit to Strath Mulzie.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and geology</h2><br>
<p>Seana Bhràigh is the highest point of the upper Strath Mulzie plateau. There are several ridges along north and east facing crags with subsidiary peaks of 906 m to the south east of the main summit and of 905 m &ndash; The Sgurr at Creag an Duine, which is surrounded by steep crags.</p><br>
<p>Loch Luchd Coire lies below the summit ridge and the larger Loch a&#39; Choire Mhoir at lower elevation at the head of Strath Mulzie.</p><br>
<p>Although the cliffs are impressive the summer rock climbing potential is poor. The rock is schist and the crags are broken and vegetated. The potential is greater in winter and routes were pioneered from 1962&ndash;65.</p><br>
<p>Colonial Theatre, also known as the Lochiel Hotel, is a historic theater and commercial building located at Harrisburg, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. The building consists of a five-story, brick and frame front section and a rear brick and frame auditorium. The original Colonial Theatre was built about 1836, as a hotel in the Greek Revival style and featured a four columned portico on the Market Street entrance. It was subsequently modified in form and use a number of times. In the 1870s, a mansard roof was added. The rear auditorium was added in 1912, when the building was converted from a hotel to hotel and movie / vaudeville theater. The lobby was remodeled in the 1930s / 1940s in an Art Deco style; the auditorium has Italian Renaissance style detailing. The theater and hotel closed in 1976, and the building used for offices and shops.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 9, 1982.</p><br>
<p>Camp Curtin Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church, also known as Curtin Heights Church and Camp Curtin Memorial-Mitchell United Methodist Church, is a historic Methodist Episcopal church located at Harrisburg, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. It is a masonry constructed building faced with buff Holmesburg granite over brick in a Late Victorian / Romanesque style. The rear section was built in 1895, as the church. The 1916 section, containing the larger primary sanctuary, was added to the front on Sixth Street. It features a high tower and belfry with parapets and pinnacles. It holds one of the largest pipe organs in Harrisburg; designed and installed in 1917 by the M. P. Moller company.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Millersburg Passenger Rail Station, also known as the Northern Central Railway: Station , is a historic railway station located at Millersburg, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1898, by the Northern Central Railway. It is a two-story, brick and frame building in the Queen Anne style. It features a deep porch around three sides. The property also includes the stone foundation of the original baggage house. It was used as a passenger station until 1960. In 1982, it was acquired by the Historical Society of Millersburg. It is used as an information center for tourists and visitors and houses offices of the Millersburg Ferry Boat Association and Millersburg Area Chamber of Commerce.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Goat Farm Arts Center is a visual and performing arts center located in West Midtown, Atlanta, Georgia. The center is housed in a 19th-century complex of industrial buildings and contains the studio space of over 300 artists. Goat Farm hosts music concerts, traditional and experimental theatrical performances, film screenings, contemporary dance performances, art exhibitions, artist residency programs, and professional ballet and contemporary dance classes. It is also home to resident performance companies gloATL, Saiah Theater, and The Collective Project.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built during the 1880s, opened in 1889, and expanded in various phases through the early 1930s. It was Edward Van Winkles third complex in Atlanta - a previous one was located in todays Luckie Marietta district. By 1898, the site specialized in cotton-related machinery, and won awards at international expositions and state fairs. In 1912, the Murray Company of Texas bought out Van Winkle and the site became known as "Murray&#39;s Mill." During World War II, the complex produced ammunition and mortars.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1970s Robert Haywood bought the site and sculptors, musicians, painters and photographers set up studios there. For a time in the early 2000s space was rented to antique dealers as "The Shops at Murray Mill", but the antique mall never took off. The site remained unused for many years.</p><br>
<p>On July 15, 2010, the property was sold for a reported $7 million to Hallister Development, specialists in renovating historic properties. Hallister stated that it planned to preserve and boost the property as an arts-friendly community. In 2008, as an alternate back up plan, Hallister Development filed a "Developments of Regional Impact" application with the Georgia Regional Transportation Authority for a project containing 426 residential units at the location, to contain 96,000 ft2 of office and 96,000 ft2 of retail.</p><br>
<p>Hallister Development ultimately chose not to pursue redevelopment of the site into a residential/commercial complex. In 2009, Hallister made the decision to develop the site into a Center for the Visual and Performing Arts containing performance and exhibition halls, a cafe/library, an on-site organic farm, an education center, a 5000 square foot space dedicated to contemporary dance, and creative studios for artists.</p><br>
<p>In 2010, it was used for filming in the episode "Vatos" of The Walking Dead. In 2012, it was used for The Hunger Games: Catching Fire filming.</p><br>
<h2>Organization</h2><br>
<p>The Goat Farm primarily explores experimental and innovative works. The Arts Center is a for-profit arts model and does not operate on public funding, donations or grants. Its non-traditional rustic auditoriums are Goodson Yard, The Rodriguez Room, The Warhorse and three exterior venues - The Village Green, Warhorse Court and The Dovetail. Ballet and contemporary dance classes are offered through resident dance troupe gloATL. Its education and career development platform, Stimulus Diffusion, connects creatives to a wide variety of educational initiatives in Atlanta. The Goat Farm Arts Center provides its performance and exhibition halls to artists through a curatorial process in which those who wish to use the space submit a proposal. Once an idea is selected, the Goat Farm invests in and works with the artists and/or performance groups to actualize the concept. All of the selected artists receive The Goat Farm&#39;s AIP (Arts Investment Package), which includes financial assistance, direct funding, production assistance, marketing assistance and rehearsal, performance, exhibition or classroom space.</p><br>
<p>Froze-to-Death Mountain is a prominent summit among the Beartooth Mountains. It stands in Stillwater County, Montana, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Froze-to-Death Mountain rises to an elevation of 11,755 ft at its peak. It is the highest landform in the Froze-to-Death Plateau, a local name for an area within the Beartooth Mountains.</p><br>
<p>Surrounding features include Froze-to-Death Lake and Froze-to-Death Creek. The mountain area is part of the Custer National Forest which is itself a part of the Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness. As national forest territory, it is administered by the United States Forest Service. The nearest city is Big Timber (pop. 1,650) in Sweet Grass County, Montana.</p><br>
<h3>Pass to Granite Peak</h3><br>
<p>While it is a challenging summit in itself, most climbers bypass it for the saddle between Froze-to-Death and its neighbor, Prairie View Mountain, to take one of two trailways that lead up to Granite Peak, the highest peak in Montana.</p><br>
<h2>Environment</h2><br>
<p>The name "Froze-to-Death" is said to derive from the experiences of the local Crow tribe of Native Americans. The area can be deadly for unprepared visitors. Its rocky, broken terrain is difficult for travelers and snow is possible at any time of the year.</p><br>
<p>The imposing conditions of the mountain and the surrounding plateau preclude nearly all wildlife with the exception of a few nesting Golden Eagles and the occasional mountain goat. Stone cairns stand throughout the area in such numbers that their value as position locators is greatly limited, and the USA Forest Service (USFS) strongly recommends against using them for navigation. Even modern travellers frequently find themselves lost, and rescue is difficult. The USFS keeps no official records regarding the number of deaths in the area, but the risk of fatalities from accidents and exposure is recognized as high. For even the most experienced outdoor enthusiasts, Froze-to-Death Mountain and the other peaks of the Beartooth Mountain range rank among the most challenging and dangerous of all North American parkland.</p><br>
<p>The Little Brosna River  rises near Dunkerrin, County Offaly, Ireland. It flows for 36 miles before joining the River Shannon.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The river rises near Dunkerrin, and enters the River Shannon near Victoria Lock, Clonahenoge. It flows over an area of limestone then passes through an area of Callow before merging with the Shannon. It forms part of the boundary between County Offaly and County Tipperary.</p><br>
<h2>Bridges</h2><br>
<p>Sharavogue Bridge built in the early 1850s carries the R492 road over the river which here forms the boundary between the townlands of Sharavogue and Ballincor Demesne. The bridge is listed as being of architectural and technical interest.</p><br>
<p>Railway Bridge at Glasderry More is a latticed metal bridge carrying the (disused) railway line over the Little Brosna.</p><br>
<p>Riverstown Bridge with five arches carries the N52 across the Little Brosna. This is a narrow bridge at 5.15m between parapets; traffic negotiating this bridge often has to give way to other vehicles.</p><br>
<p>Croghan Bridge a stone bridge of three arches from the mid-18th century, it carries the Croghan Road, Birr across the Little Brosna.</p><br>
<p>Ivy Bridge crosses the river within the demesne of Birr Castle, just downstream of the confluence of the rivers Camcor and Little Brosna.</p><br>
<p>Derrinsallow Bridge, built about 1850, has three arches of dressed limestone and rubble. It crosses from County Tipperary to County Offlay.</p><br>
<p>New Bridge built about 1820 is the last crossing before joining the Shannon. It has five rounded arches of limestone. The bridge takes the R438 road between County Tipperary and County Offaly.</p><br>
<h2>Angling</h2><br>
<p>The Little Brosna is a popular angling river, particularly known for its brown trout. An electric fishing survey of the river at Riverstown was conducted in September 2012 by Inland Fisheries Ireland. Species noted here were brown trout (87), lamprey (1), salmon (38) and stone loach (7).</p><br>
<h2>Drainage</h2><br>
<p>The Little Brosna Water Management Unit Action Plan covers 681km2 in County Offaly, North Tipperary and County Laois.</p><br>
<p>Sharavogue Bog is a raised bog situated on the flood plain of the Little Brosna at Sharavogue in County Offaly. It is an example of a type of habitat that is becoming increasingly rare in Ireland and Europe and is on the list of Special Areas of Conservation, as listed by the National Parks and Wildlife Service.</p><br>
<p>Redwood raised bog has developed on the southern margin of the Little Brosna flood plain at its confluence with the Shannon. It forms part of the Little Brosna Callows Area of Scientific Interest, which is of international importance as a wildfowl habitat and as a classical example of a flood plain ecosystem. The reserve includes the last relatively intact bog dome on the flood plain margin as well as a dried out portion of another dome and an area of fen. The intact dome has a typical raised bog flora and in the centre it retains quaking areas and numerous bog pools. Established in 1991 it is in state ownership.</p><br>
<p>Bohemian National Cemetery , also known as Oak Hill Cemetery, is a cemetery located at 1300 Horners Lane, Armistead Gardens in East Baltimore, Maryland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery was built in 1884 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 11, 2010. It was established by members of Baltimore&#39;s Czech community as a burial ground for Protestant and irreligious Czechs. The property is owned by the Grand Lodge Česko Slovanská Podporující Společnost (C.S.P.S.) Benevolent Association of Baltimore. Historically, buildings on the property were used to host social events, Sokol sports events, and other Bohemian/Czech cultural activities.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>William R. Jecelin, a soldier in the United States Army who posthumously received the United States Medal of Honor for his actions during the Korean War.</p><br>
<p>August Klecka, politician and newspaper publisher.</p><br>
<p>Maelcum Soul, actress in John Waters&#39;s early films Roman Candles and Eat Your Makeup.</p><br>
<p>Dutch Ulrich, professional baseball player.</p><br>
<p>Francis Griffith Newlands Memorial Fountain is a historic fountain located at Chevy Chase Circle, on the border between the Chevy Chase neighborhood, Northwest, Washington, D.C., and the community of Chevy Chase, Maryland. The fountain was designed by Edward W. Donn, Jr. in 1933 and erected in 1938. The project was funded by Newlands&#39; widow.</p><br>
<p>The fountain honors Francis G. Newlands, a USA senator and founder of Chevy Chase, Maryland. In 1902, Newland sponsored the Newlands Reclamation Act which allowed the federal government to begin irrigation of the West. He founded the Chevy Chase Land Co. which established neighborhoods on the D.C.-Maryland border. He purchased over 1,700 acre of land and named it "Chevy Chase" to honor his Scottish homeland. In 1990, the fountain was refurbished by the Chevy Chase Land Co. to recognize the 100th anniversary of the founding of Chevy Chase. The fountain was rededicated and recognized by the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In December 2014, a proposal was made by Gary Thompson, a member of the Advisory Neighborhood Commission, to rename the fountain due to Newlands white supremacist views. Several of Newlands descendants responded with a letter to the Chevy Chase Advisory Neighborhood Commission opposing renaming the fountain and asserting that the proposed resolution was misleading and discounted Newlands&#39; legislative and civic accomplishments. Because the fountain is on National Park Service land and named by Congress, changes would likely require an act of Congress and agreement from several agencies including the National Park Service.</p><br>
<p>Thompson asserted that Newlands excluded non-whites from the neighborhood, but the Chevy Chase Historical Society reported that Newlands never included racial covenants in the land deeds for Chevy Chase. Such restrictions were not included in the early deeds, but some sections of Chevy Chase included race and religion restrictions by the 1930s. However, these were not created by Newlands, who died in 1917. The Historical Society conceded that while Newlands views on race are on public record, they were widely held beliefs throughout the nation during Newlands lifetime.</p><br>
<p>The Scandinavian Mountains or the Scandes is a mountain range that runs through the Scandinavian Peninsula. The Scandinavian Mountains are often erroneously thought to be equivalent to the Scandinavian Caledonides. The western sides of the mountains drop precipitously into the North Sea and Norwegian Sea, forming the fjords of Norway, whereas to the northeast they gradually curve towards Finland. To the north they form the border between Norway and Sweden, still reaching 2,000 m high  at the Arctic Circle. The mountain range just touches northwesternmost Finland, but are scarcely more than hills at their northernmost extension at the North Cape .</p><br>
<p>The mountains are not very high, but are very steep at places; Galdhøpiggen in southern Norway is the highest peak in mainland Northern Europe, at 2,469 m, Kebnekaise has the highest peak on the Swedish side, at 2,104 m, whereas Halti is the highest peak in Finland, at 1,324 m.</p><br>
<p>The combination of a northerly location and moisture from the North Atlantic Ocean has caused the formation of many ice fields and glaciers. Temperature drops with increasing altitude, and permafrost becomes common from about 1,500 meters above sea level on their western slope in Southern Norway and at about 1,200 meter AMSL on their eastern slope in Southern Norway near the border with Sweden. In Northern Norway, permafrost becomes common from about 800 to 900 meters AMSL on the western slope and some 200- to 300-meters-lower on the eastern slope.</p><br>
<p>The Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands terrestrial ecoregion is closely associated with the mountain range.</p><br>
<h2>Names in Scandinavia</h2><br>
<p>Its names in the Scandinavian languages are, in Swedish Skandinaviska fjällkedjan, Skanderna (encyclopaedic and professional usage), Fjällen ("The Fells", common in colloquial speech) or Kölen ("The Keel"), and in Norwegian Den skandinaviske fjellkjede,Skandesfjellene, Kjølen ("The Keel") or Nordryggen ("The North Ridge", name coined in 2013). The names Kölen and Kjølen are often preferentially used for the northern part, where the mountains form a narrow range near the border region of Norway and Sweden. In southern Norway there is a broad scatter of mountain regions with individual names, such as Dovrefjell, Hardangervidda, Jotunheimen, and Rondane.</p><br>
<h2>Orography</h2><br>
<p>The mountain chain&#39;s highest summits are mostly concentrated in an area (of mean altitude of over 1,000 m) between Stavanger and Trondheim in southern Norway, with numerous peaks over 1,300 m and some peaks over 2,000 m. The mountain chain is present in Sweden from northern Dalarna northwards; south of this point the Scandinavian Mountains lie completely within Norway. Most of the Scandinavian Mountains lack "alpine topography", and where it does have it does not relate to altitude.</p><br>
<p>To the east the Scandinavian Mountains proper bounds with mountains that are lower and less dissected and are known in Swedish as the förfjäll (literally "fore-fell"). Generally the förfjäll do not surpass 1,000 m above sea level. As a geomorphic unit the förfjäll extends across Sweden as a 650 km long and 40 to 80 km broad belt from Dalarna in the south to Norrbotten in the north. While lower than the Scandinavian Mountains proper, the förfjäll&#39;s pronounced relief, its large number of plateaux and its coherent valley system distinguish it from so-called undulating hilly terrain (Swedish: bergkullsterräng) and plains with residual hills (Swedish: bergkullslätt) found further east.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<h3>Bedrock</h3><br>
<p>Most of the rocks of the Scandinavian Mountains are Caledonian which means they were put in place by the Caledonian orogeny. Caledonian rocks overlie rocks of the much older Svecokarelian and Sveconorwegian provinces. The Caledonian rocks actually form large nappes (skollor) that have been thrusted over the older rocks. Much of the Caledonian rocks have been eroded since they were put in place meaning that they were once thicker and more contiguous. It is also implyed from the erosion that the nappes of Caledonian rock reached once further east than they do today. The erosion has left remaining massifs of Caledonian rocks and windows of Precambrian rock.</p><br>
<p>While there are some disagreements geologists generally recognize four units among the nappes: an Uppermost, an Upper, a Middle and a Lower one. The last one is made up Ediacaran (Vendian), Cambrian, Ordovician and Silurian-aged sedimentary rocks. Pieces of Precambrian shield rocks are in some places also incorporated into the Lower nappes.</p><br>
<p>It was during the Silurian and Devonian periods that the Caledonian nappes were stacked upon the older rocks and upon themselves. This occurred in connection to the closure of the Iapetus Ocean as the ancient continents of Laurentia and Baltica collided. In Scandinavia the Caledonian Mountains begun a post-orogenic collapse in the Devonian implying tectonic extension and subsidence. Despite occurring in about the same area the ancient Caledonian Mountains and the modern Scandinavian Mountains are unrelated.</p><br>
<h3>Origin of the mountains</h3><br>
<p>The origin of todays mountain topography is debated by geologists. Geologically, the Scandinavian Mountains are an elevated, passive continental margin similar to the mountains and plateaux found on the opposite side of the North Atlantic in Eastern Greenland or in Australias Great Dividing Range. A two-stage model of uplift has been proposed for the Scandinavian Mountains in southern Norway. A first stage in the Mesozoic and a second stage starting from the Oligocene. In southern Norway the Scandinavian Mountains had their main uplift phase later (Neogene) than in northern Scandinavia which had its main phase of uplift in the Paleogene. Some of the tilted surfaces constitute the Muddus plains landscape of northern Sweden. The progressive tilt contributed also to create the parallel drainage pattern of northern Sweden. Uplift is thought to have been accommodated by coast-parallel normal faults and not by fault-less doming. Therefore, the common labelling of the southern Scandivavian Mountains and the northern Scandinavian Mountains as two domes is misleading.</p><br>
<p>Unlike orogenic mountains there is no widely accepted geophysical model to explain elevated passive continental margins such as the Scandinavian Mountains. Various mechanisms of uplift have, however, been proposed over the years. A 2012 study argues that the Scandinavian Mountains and other elevated passive continental margins most likely share the same mechanism of uplift and that this mechanism is related to far-field stresses in Earth’s lithosphere. The Scandinavian Mountains can according to this view be likened to a giant anticlinal lithospheric fold. Folding could have been caused by horizontal compression acting on a thin to thick crust transition zone (as are all passive margins).</p><br>
<p>Alternative lines of research have stressed the role of climate in inducing erosion that induces an isostatic compensation; fluvial and glacial erosion and incision during the Quaternary is thought to have contributed to the uplift of the mountain by forcing an isostatic response. The total amount of uplift produced by this mechanism could be as much as 500 m. Others geoscientists have implied diapirism in the asthenosphere as being the cause of uplift. One hypothesis claim that the early uplift of the Scandinavian Mountains could be indebted to changes in the density of the lithosphere and asthenosphere caused by the Iceland plume when Greenland and Scandinavia rifted apart about 53 million years ago.</p><br>
<h3>Quaternary geology</h3><br>
<p>Many slopes and valleys have straight courses due to the fact that they follow tectonic fractures that are more prone to erosion.</p><br>
<p>There is evidence that the drainage divide between the Norwegian Sea and the south-east flowing rivers were once further west. Glacial erosion is thought to have contributed to the shift of the divide, which in some cases ought to have been in excess of 50 km. Much of the Scandinavian Mountains has been sculpted by glacal erosion. The mountain chain is dotted with glacial cirques usually separated from each other by pre-glacial surfaces. Glacier erosion has been limited in these paleosurfaces which form usually plateaus between valleys. As such the paleosurfaces were subject of diverging and slow ice flow during the glaciations. In contrast valleys concentrated ice flow forming fast glaciers or ice streams. At some locations coalesced cirques form arêtes and pyramidal peaks. Glacial reshaping of valleys is more marked in the western part of the mountain chain where drowned glacier-shaped valleys constitute the fjords of Norway. In the eastern part of the mountain chain glacial reshaping of valleys is weaker. Many mountain tops contain blockfields which escaped glacial erosion either by having constituted nunataks in the glacial periods or by being protected from erosion under cold-based glacier ice. Karst systems, with their characteristic caves and sinkholes occur at various locations in the Scandinavian Mountains but are more common in the northern parts. Present-day karst systems might have long histories dating back to the Pleistocene or even earlier times.</p><br>
<p>Much of the mountain range is mantled by deposits of glacial origin including till blankets, moraines, drumlins and glacifluvial material in the form of outwash plains and eskers. Bare rock surfaces are more common in the western side of the mountain range. Although the ages of these deposits and landforms vary, most of them were formed in connection to the Weichselian glaciation and the subsequent deglaciation.</p><br>
<p>The Cenozoic glaciations that affected Fennoscandia most likely began in the Scandinavian Mountains. It is estimated that during 50% of the last 2.75 million years the Scandinavian Mountains hosted mountain-centered ice caps and ice fields. The ice fields from which the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet grew out multiple times most likely resembled today’s ice fields in Andean Patagonia. During the last glacial maximum (ca. 20 ka BP) all the Scandinavian Mountains was covered by the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. This ice sheet extended well beyond the mountains into Denmark, Germany, Poland and the former USSR. As the ice margin started to recede 22-17 ka BP the ice sheet became increasingly concentrated in the Scandinavian Mountains. Recession of the ice margin led the ice sheet to be concentrated in two parts of the Scandinavian Mountains, one part in Southern Norway and another in Northern Sweden and Norway. These two centres were for a time linked so that the linkage constituted a major drainage barrier that formed various large ephemeral ice-dammed lakes. About 10,1 ka BP the linkage had disappeared and so did the southern centre of the ice sheet thousand years later. The northern centre remained a few hundred years more and 9,7 ka BP the eastern Sarek Mountains hosted the last remnant of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. As the ice sheet retreated to the Scandinavian Mountains it was dissimilar to the early mountain glaciation that gave origin to the ice sheet as the ice divide lagged behind as the ice mass concentrated in the west.</p><br>
<h2>Highest mountains</h2><br>
<h3>Norway</h3><br>
<p>Of the 10 highest mountain peaks in Scandinavia (prominence greater than 30 m), six are situated in Oppland, Norway. The other four are situated in Sogn og Fjordane, Norway. There are 83 peaks equal to or taller than 2,200 m (7,218 ft) in Norway.</p><br>
<p>2,469 m Galdhøpiggen (Oppland)</p><br>
<p>2,465 m Glittertind (Oppland)</p><br>
<p>2,405 m Store Skagastølstind (Sogn og Fjordane)</p><br>
<p>2,387 m Store Styggedalstinden east (Sogn og Fjordane)</p><br>
<p>2,373 m Skarstind (Oppland)</p><br>
<p>2,369 m Vesle Galdhøpiggen (Oppland)</p><br>
<p>2,368 m Surtningssue (Oppland)</p><br>
<p>2,366 m Store Memurutinden (Oppland)</p><br>
<p>2,351 m Jervvasstind (Sogn og Fjordane)</p><br>
<p>2,348 m Sentraltind (Sogn og Fjordane)</p><br>
<h3>Sweden</h3><br>
<p>There are 12 peaks in Sweden that reach above 2,000 m, or 13 depending on how the peaks are defined. This list is defined according to UIAA. Eight of them are located in Sarek National Park and the neighbouring national park Stora Sjöfallet. The other four peaks are located in the further north region of Kebnekaise. All mountain names are in Sami but with the more common Swedish spelling of it.</p><br>
<p>2,104 m Kebnekaise (Lappland) - Note: Altitude includes the peak glacier. If melting continues, Kebnekaise Nordtoppen, just 500 meters away, might become the highest point.</p><br>
<p>2,097 m Kebnekaise Nordtoppen (Lappland) - the highest fixed point in Sweden.</p><br>
<p>2,089 m Sarektjåkkå Stortoppen (Lappland)</p><br>
<p>2,076 m Kaskasatjåkka (Lappland)</p><br>
<p>2,056 m Sarektjåkkå Nordtoppen (Lappland)</p><br>
<p>2,043 m Kaskasapakte (Lappland)</p><br>
<p>2,023 m Sarektjåkkå Sydtoppen (Lappland)</p><br>
<p>2,016 m Akka Stortoppen (Lappland)</p><br>
<p>2,010 m Akka Nordvästtoppen (Lappland)</p><br>
<p>2,010 m Sarektjåkkå Buchttoppen (Lappland)</p><br>
<p>2,005 m Pårtetjåkka (Lappland)</p><br>
<p>2,002 m Palkatjåkka (Lappland)</p><br>
<p>Other popular mountains for skiers, climbers and hikers in Sweden</p><br>
<p>Sulitelma 1,860 m (Lappland)</p><br>
<p>Helagsfjället 1,796 m (Härjedalen)</p><br>
<p>Norra Storfjället 1,767 m (Lappland)</p><br>
<p>Templet 1,728 m (Jämtland)</p><br>
<p>Lillsylen 1,704 m (Jämtland)</p><br>
<p>Åreskutan 1,420 m (Jämtland)</p><br>
<p>Storvätteshågna 1,204 m (Dalarna)</p><br>
<p>Molnet 1,191 m (Dalarna)</p><br>
<h3>Finland</h3><br>
<p>1,324 m (4,344 ft) Halti (Lappi/Lappland and Norwegian Troms)</p><br>
<p>1,317 m (4,321 ft) Ridnitsohkka (Lappi/Lappland)</p><br>
<p>1,280 m (4,200 ft) Kiedditsohkka (Lappi/Lappland)</p><br>
<p>1,240 m (4,068 ft) Kovddoskaisi (Lappi/Lappland)</p><br>
<p>1,239 m (4,065 ft) Ruvdnaoaivi (Lappi/Lappland)</p><br>
<p>1,180 m (3,871 ft) Loassonibba (Lappi/Lappland)</p><br>
<p>1,150 m (3,773 ft) Urtasvaara (Lappi/Lappland)</p><br>
<p>1,144 m (3,753 ft) Kahperusvaarat (Lappi/Lappland)</p><br>
<p>1,130 m (3,707 ft) Aldorassa (Lappi/Lappland)</p><br>
<p>1,100 m (3,608 ft) Kieddoaivi (Lappi/Lappland)</p><br>
<p>The highest independent prominence in Finland is Taivaskero (807 m high) in Pallas-Yllästunturi National Park.</p><br>
<p>Charles and Joseph Raymond Houses consists of two historic homes located at Middletown, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. They are two irregularly shaped brick and stone mansions in the Queen Anne style. They were built across the street from one another by two brothers, Charles and Joseph Raymond. The Charles Raymond House was built in 1891, and has a rusticated stone first story and a second story of brick. It features a variety of roof shapes and four articulated brick chimneys. The Joseph Raymond House was built in 1889, and has a rusticated stone first story and a second story of brick. It features a circular verandah and a square corner tower with an irregular pyramidal roof. It also has a large circular tower with a conical roof and a second floor balcony.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Hershey Community Center Building is a historic building located at Hershey, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. It was designed by noted architect Paul Philippe Cret , under a general plan by Milton S. Hershey , and built in 1932-1933. Plans for a community theater and center were originally drawn-up by C. Emlen Urban in 1915. It is a five story building, encompassing 190,699 square feet. It is shaped like a distended "E," with an open court in the front center and sun porches on three sides. The building is faced in Indiana limestone. The building houses a large theater, the Hershey Theatre  and small theater , along with a variety of recreational facilities including a gymnasium, swimming pool, game rooms, locker rooms, and showers. The building also houses a library  and dormitories .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The F. M. Knight Building in southeast Portland in the USA state of Oregon is a two-story general commercial building listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Built in an Italianate style in about 1890, it was added to the register in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The building is a wood-frame structure erected in the late 19th century to house businesses serving the Sunnyside neighborhood. Exterior features of the 50 by building include a cornice and overhanging 3 ft parapet along the front (north) face. The second-floor north face has a central pair of double-hung sash windows flanked by two polygonal bays, each with three sash windows. Three doors and four display windows on the first floor face Belmont Street. The door in the center leads to a stairway to the second floor.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Southeast Portland grew rapidly between 1883 and 1910 after the opening of bridges linking the city&#39;s west side with sparsely populated areas across the Willamette River. The Sunnyside neighborhood, platted by the Sunnyside Land and Improvement Company in 1888, was the first development along an eastside streetcar route. Its shopping center included the Knight Building. Few similar buildings from this era remain in southeast Portland; most have been replaced by larger or more sturdy structures.</p><br>
<p>Although the exact date of construction and the name of the builder are unknown, deed records suggest that J.S. Winslow was the builder. He bought the property from the Sunnyside Land and Improvement Company, then sold it a few months later, in 1889, to Deborah Kent. She sold it in 1895 to J.S. McDaniel, who owned it through 1915. City directories say that a post office was located on part of the first floor from 1898 through 1911.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Black Mountain is located in north-central Maricopa County, Arizona, between the towns of Carefree and Cave Creek</p><br>
<p>The mountain is composed of two main rock types that are roughly divided between western and eastern halves of the mountain. The west side of the mountain is composed of a ~250 m. bed of meta-sedimentary rock distinguishable as phyllite and argillite. From a distance, the meta-sedimentary rock is easily mistaken for basalt, which is common in the area, however basalt is not found on Black Mountain. The phyllite has a slaty cleavage and is foliated in all directions, a result of shortening due to pressure-solution volume-diffusion of as much as 50%. As a result of shortening, streambeds of nearby washes are filled with black alluvium.</p><br>
<p>The western face meta-sedimentary beds strike ~120, 45. When fully illuminated by afternoon sun, the dipping, angular rocks resemble overlapping flatirons. The meta-sedimentary beds rise nearly 1300 feet above the local topography. Black Mountain rises 3398 feet above sea level.</p><br>
<p>The eastern side of the mountain is composed of a granitic intrusion into the meta-sedimentary rock. The granite is part of a batholith dated 14 m.y.a locally known as Camelback Granite. It extends southward from Black Mountain and is expressed in outcrops in the McDowell Mountains, the Union Hills, and Camelback Mountain. Texturally, the granite varies from a large crystal with phenocrysts of up to 2.5 cm., to a finer grained crystal texture. Larger grained Camelback granite shows large joints fractured both vertically and horizontally. It is weathered into spheroidal boulder columns and balanced rock formations. Jointing in the finer grained granite is smaller and proportional to grain size.</p><br>
<p>The granitic half of Black Mountain tapers to a flat-topped peak that rises to a height just below that of the pointed, black phyllite peak of the western side. The two units meet as a saddle between the twin peaks of meta-argillite/phyllite and granite.</p><br>
<p>Along the contact on the eastern side of the mountain, clasts of pelitic schist can be found embayed in the large-grained granite. The granite at the contact is gray in color, having been discolored by the sedimentary rock during emplacement. Clasts of smaller grained granite are also found in the large-grained granite. The meta-sedimentary rock along with the granite batholith that forms Black Mountain are remnants of what laid hidden beneath a sea and underground, that are now exposed by headward erosion that continues northward today into Arizona’s Transition Zone. The highly shortened and foliated phyllite began as a mudstone which was metamorphosed to shale. The shale was then subjected to pressure-solution volume-diffusion; the rock was metamorphosed while deeply buried then subjected to heating during the emplacement of the batholith. The phyllite at the granite contact formed a weak horizon, which assisted the decollement process after the batholith was emplaced. These chloritic rocks acted as a lubricated sheet, effectively sliding off the batholith and tilting to the northwest during the Tertiary extension event. To the south, grabens that formed by normal faulting during crustal extension, are filled by the alluvium from the subsequent erosion.</p><br>
<h2>People and Culture of the Black Mountain/Desert Foothills Area</h2><br>
<p>While Carefree and Cave Creek are today a home for upper-income retirees and an enclave for artists and entrepreneurs, the first inhabitants of the area surrounding Black Mountain were Native Americans known as the Hohokam, who appear at about 750 A.D. They were an agrarian society of hunters and gatherers who also used irrigation to maintain crops. Their “waffle gardens” can still be seen in the Spur Cross Ranch reserve area North of Cave Creek. The remains of dwellings of the Hohokam are called “pit houses”. The best example of a pit house is located at the Sears-Kay ruin located northeast of Black Mountain near Seven Springs, although pit houses have been uncovered during construction of homes in Cave Creek. Pit houses were constructed with a rock-wall base and covered with roof supports of long branches covered with thatch.</p><br>
<p>The Sears-Kay ruins mark a time in Hohokam history when they had moved to high ground with views into the Valley, presumably to see their enemies, raiding tribes of Yavapai and Tonto Apache, approaching from a long distance. Evidence of the Hohokam living in the Black Mountain area disappears around 1450 A.D., when some anthropologists believe they moved into the Valley using their skill at irrigation and possibly becoming the Pima. Before disappearing entirely, the Hohokam stopped cremating their dead and began burying remains. Some believe the Hohokam ran out of wood for fires. Scarcity of wood was likely due to a long drought. Others believe there was a large fire which led to the sudden disappearance of the Hohokam.</p><br>
<p>From about 1450 to the 1870s the area was considered Apache territory. Bands of marauding Tonto Apache largely controlled the area. Although they lived farther north, the Apache were raiders that patrolled the area and when efforts were made to establish "rancharitas" in the Desert Foothills, bands of Apache would attack, and often kill, the trespassers. Efforts to settle the territory were intensified in the 1870s with the discovery of gold in the area. This was when Gen. George Stoneman and his troops built Military Road, a main artery in modern-day Cave Creek, to protect the miners and anyone else crossing through the Desert Foothills. A remount station where riders could rest and pick up a fresh horse before continuing on their journey was located at near what is now Spur Cross Road in Cave Creek.</p><br>
<p>After the USA Military had eliminated the threat of attack from the Apache, mining claims began to spring up in the Cave Creek area. The first discovery of gold was made by William Rowe on what became known (optimistically) as Gold Hill near the Tonto Hills northeast of Cave Creek. The area around Black Mountain was referred to as the Cave Creek Mining District, but the district was never formally established. In 1878 the first stamp mill opened at the Golden Star Mine on Continental Mountain. The most productive mine in the area was the Phoenix Mine was located at what is today the entrance to the Spur Cross Conservancy area. Tailings from the mining operation are all that remain today. The mine was closed by 1905, and most other mining efforts in the area had stopped by 1910.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1880s cattle and sheep ranches were being established wherever streams provided adequate water to support a herd. But recurring drought and overpopulation of herd animals soon lead to water shortages, and the cattle ranchers were forced to look for new ways to support themselves. The answer for some ranchers was to transform cattle ranches into dude ranches where Easterners would come for a taste of the wild west experience. Spur Cross Ranch was one of the most successful dude ranches in the Black Mountain area, and remained in business until the 1970s when its owner died in a plane crash while attempting to land on a runway located on the ranch.</p><br>
<p>The IJsseloog  is an artificial island in the Ketelmeer  used as a depository to store polluted silt. Most of the polluted silt was deposited in the Ketelmeer by the IJssel river between 1950 and 1990.</p><br>
<p>Removal of silt soil from the Ketelmeer lake also aims to deepen the channel leading to the mouth of the IJssel (to at least a depth of 3.5 m), thus aiming to improve access to the river for navigation.</p><br>
<p>During construction of the IJsseloog, a major concern was to preserve the water table and the environment of Ketelmeer. The polluted silt is to be stored permanently and without any risk of leakage. To avoid nuisance to agriculture, to local residents, and to prevent groundwater contamination, the silt depository was built in the centre of the lake and not on the coast. IJsseloog is also a target for recreational and ecological development. Two other artificial islands were created: Hanzeplaat and Schokkerbank.</p><br>
<p>The dredgings are being stored in a man-made island depot in the middle of the Ketelmeer. One kilometer across and fifty meters deep, the depot is designed to hold 23 million cubic meters of sludge from the Ketelmeer and other areas. Construction of IJsseloog started in 1996 and was completed in 1999. The deposit can hold 23 million cubic metres of silt. In this capacity, 15 million cubic metres are intended for the deposit of silt from the Ketelmeer, with the remaining capacity available to hold silt from elsewhere. To prevent leakage, the floor of the depot is sealed with clay and the dike is lined with foil. The water level is held below that of the lake, to prevent pollution runoff.</p><br>
<p>A port was built on the outer edge of the IJsseloog for delivery of silt. Once the depot is full, remediation will be done by decantation. Clean silt will be used to construct a new ecological zone, the IJsselmonding. The clean sludge that is released will be used for the construction of a natural IJssel estuary.</p><br>
<p>A treatment plant began operating in 2000. Its processing station separates sand and peat from contaminants. Purified sand will be used for construction, and the remaining sludge is pumped to storage. When storage is full, the layers of clay and sand will be sealed, and the island itself will be used for recreational purposes.</p><br>
<p>After that process, Nature will take over in the IJsseloog.</p><br>
<p>Fort Hunter Historic District is a national historic district located at Fort Hunter, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. The district includes six contributing buildings, four contributing sites, and one contributing structure. The area has seen continuous settlement since the early 1700s and once was the site of an early supply fort and garrison. Also in the district are the remains of a section of the Pennsylvania Canal. Notable buildings include the separately listed Archibald McAllister House, a spring house, Everhart Covered Bridge, large frame barn , corn crib, farm house, blacksmith shop, stone stable barn, Hunters House or Old Hotel, ice house, and archaeological sites for Fort Hunter, the garrison, Hunters Mill, and the Pennsylvania Canal.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Old Downtown Harrisburg Commercial Historic District is a national historic district located at Harrisburg, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 50 contributing buildings in the old central business district of Harrisburg and dating from the late-19th and early-20th centuries. Notable buildings include the Daily and Weekly Telegraph Building , City Bank Building , F.W. Woolworth , Rotherts Furniture Store , Bowmans Department Store , Pomeroys Department Store , and Doutrichs Clothing Store. Located in the district and listed separately are the Colonial Theatre, Keystone Building, Kunkel Building, and the William Seel Building. The Telegraph Building was delisted after having been demolished.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, with a boundary increase in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Reverie is a historic Greek Revival mansion built circa 1858 in Marion, Perry County, Alabama. It now serves as a residence and also historic house museum. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing property to the West Marion Historic District and was recorded by the Historic American Buildings Survey.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The property on which Reverie sits was sold on February 9, 1858 for $4,000, a large sum in that day, to Joseph Thompson Whitsitt, a planter (according to the census) and railroad investor. Wartime financial reverses led Mr. Whitsitt to sell the mansion on November 28, 1862 for $10,000 to Edward Kenworthy Carlisle, a wealthy cotton broker who also owned one of the finest mansions in Alabama, Kenworthy Hall, located only a few miles away.</p><br>
<p>Carlisle shortly sold the house again on April 28, 1863 to David Scott, a merchant and cotton, grist, and saw mill operator and manufacturer. Scott died on August 9, 1868, and left a will recording the furnishings of the mansion at that time. Harrison H. Hurt, son of a prominent merchant and planter, bought the mansion in 1871 at auction for $4,650. Mr. Hurt&#39;s daughter Nellie married Dr. R.C. Hanna and the mansion became known as the Hurt-Hanna House.</p><br>
<p>After Mrs. Hannas death in 1944, the house was sold to Dr. William T. Weissinger, who in the course of a distinguished career had been General Douglas MacArthurs physician in the army. Mrs. Weissinger first named the house Reverie which it has remained ever since. Since Dr. Weissinger&#39;s death in 1971, the house has been owned by a number of families, each of which maintained it as a residence.</p><br>
<p>While the house was owned by David Scott in the 1860s, Union troops occupied the town of Marion and used the house as their headquarters. Some markings of these troops can be found in the attic.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Four white Doric columns of brick, covered with stucco, give this Greek Revival mansion it&#39;s monumental appearance. The house features a massive frieze board with dentil moldings which surrounds the entire home. Board siding and double hung paned windows are all original. A cupola or belvedere with classical balustrade sits atop the low-hipped roof and there is also a balcony above the entrance.</p><br>
<p>The mansion is a standard four-room over four-room house with a spacious central hall and grand, unsupported staircase, but also has two story cabinet rooms on the east and west sides. These flanking rooms were unusual at the time and, together with the portico, made the design quite distinctive. Two outbuildings survive: the original kitchen, now connected to the house, and a brick smokehouse.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the Mansion includes elaborate plaster moldings and medallions, original to house, along with inlaid flooring of oak and mahogany which was added later. The ceiling height downstairs is 14 and upstairs 13 with original heart pine floors in most areas.</p><br>
<p>In the garden, a Wisteria arbor is thought to predate the construction of the house by several decades and may be the oldest surviving Wisteria in Alabama. There is also a boxwood parterre (knot garden or maze) which was probably put in sometime after the turn of the 19th century and was restored in recent decades.</p><br>
<p>Magnolia Hall, also known as the McCrary-Otts House, is a historic Greek Revival mansion in Greensboro, Alabama. It is a contributing property to the Greensboro Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Greensboro became increasingly prosperous as part of the cotton boom of the mid-19th century. In 1850, William Murphy, a lawyer and legislator, sold a prime lot to David F. McCrary, a prominent cotton broker and planter who had originally come from North Carolina and married Elizabeth Cowan Lowry, daughter of a prominent Alabama family. McCrary had Murphy’s house removed and hired the well known architect B.F. Parsons, originally from Massachusetts, to design a new mansion, which was completed in 1858. The Alabama Beacon reported that the house cost $10,000, a very large sum at the time.</p><br>
<p>Unlike many of his contemporaries, Mr. McCrary’s finances survived the War; he opened the Greensboro Bank and Exchange in 1871. On his death in 1888, the McCrary’s only living child, Lelia Jane, and her husband, the noted Presbyterian divine Dr. John M.P. Otts inherited the property. Otts had given the first sermon to Confederate troops at Fort Sumter. Their son James and his wife Sadie bought the house from siblings in the 1920s and it thereafter remained in the family until 1970 when it was sold to Mr. and Mrs. M.D. Baines. The house was again sold in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>A detailed, twelve page building contract for Magnolia Hall was discovered by David Nelson, a McCrary descendant. Few such contracts describing the building of antebellum mansions have survived. This one calls for porticoes, north and south, each with six fluted columns, of the “Grecian Ionic Order...the Entablature and Mouldings all to harmonize with it...and proportioned after the order.” In addition there are double balconies of delicate iron grill work, and colored glass transoms around the doors. Inside are large four over four rooms, 14 foot ceilings, chandelier medallions, and a grand mahogany railed staircase in the spacious hallway. W. E. Yerby, in his History of Greensboro, concluded that Magnolia Hall “is indisputably one of the finest antebellum mansions in Alabama... a perfect example of late Greek Revival architecture.”</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church in Macon, GA.The place was frequently visited by Mr. Joseph C. Stiles, a licentiate and Evangelist of Hopewell Presbytery, who took it in as a part of his field. As the fruit of his ministry a church was organized June 18, 1826, of twenty five members, by Rev. Benjamin Gildersleeve, First Presbyterian Church was born in June 18, 1826, just three years after the city of Macon was chartered. The church continued to be a part of the Evangelistic field of Mr. Stiles, till 1828, when Rev. James C. Patterson became the regular supply for two years till the Fall of 1830. During Mr. Patterson&#39;s ministry the first building, a wooden structure, was erected on Fourth street. This building was turned over to the Baptists, who removed and enlarged it; and is now the Second Baptist church. The Rev. Edwin Holt was the first regular pastor, installed November 20, 1831, and served the church from 1831 to 1834, when the relation was dissolved by the Presbytery of Good Hope and he dismissed to the Presbytery of Newburyport July 27, 1836. He was followed by Rev. James Stratton, as supply, for two years. He was never settled. His name was stricken from the roll March 29, 1843, he "having joined another church." He was succeeded by Rev. Samuel J. Cassels, who was installed November 5, 1836 and continued till April 13, 1842. It was during the ministry of Rev. Mr. Cassels, that the second house, a brick building commenced during the ministry of Mr. Stratton, was completed.</p><br>
<p>Since 1858, when the present structure was completed, its spire, soaring 183 feet above the street, has dominated the downtown section of Mulberry Street. It is the 6th tallest building in Macon, Georgia, at 185 feet(56 m). It was the tallest building in Macon from its completion in 1858 until the completion of the St. Joseph&#39;s Catholic Church. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. It is located on 690 Mulberry Street, in Downtown Macon. The famous poet Sidney Lanier was a member here.</p><br>
<p>Today, the congregation has more than 1000 members.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church is a member congregation of the Presbyterian Church in America.</p><br>
<p>Meridian Mansions, also known as The Envoy, is an historic structure located in the Adams Morgan neighborhood in the Northwest Quadrant of Washington, D.C. A.H. Sonnemann was the architect for what was considered the city’s finest apartment hotel when it opened in 1918. The building has been home to members of Congress and diplomats over the years. The lobby contains marble columns and elaborate ornamental molding. At one time the building featured roof pavilions and lamp standards, which were removed around 1963. It was renovated in 1981 and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The building is most notable due to its connection to the establishment of Czechoslovakia as an independent nation. Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, the founder and first President of Czechoslovakia, resided here between July and November 1918. The first Czechoslovakian national flag to be created was flown from the building on October 18, 1918.</p><br>
<p>Marktown is an urban planned worker community in East Chicago, Indiana, United States, built during the Progressive Era in 1917 from marshland to provide a complete community for workers at The Mark Manufacturing Company.</p><br>
<p>The Marktown Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The community of Marktown was founded by Clayton Mark, a pioneer maker of steel in the United States. The renowned architect hired to design the community, Howard Van Doren Shaw, created a unique design in which the streets serve as walkways and the cars are parked on the sidewalks, as noted in Ripley’s Believe It or Not.</p><br>
<p>Shaw previously designed Mark&#39;s estate in Lake Forest, Illinois.</p><br>
<p>Only 10% of the original design was built, as the building of the community was terminated due to the aftereffects of World War I and the sale of the Mark Manufacturing Company. Today, Marktown is one of the few planned worker communities in which all of the originally constructed homes still stand. The industries in East Chicago expanded to the borders of Marktown, surrounding the historic residential island with one of the densest industrial complexes in the world. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975, and was listed as one of the seven wonders of Northwest Indiana.</p><br>
<p>Marktown is regarded as an important cultural resource of architectural and historical significance. In the words of the Marktown Revitalization Plan commissioned by the city of East Chicago in 2008, "Marktown is significant as it is a major work by a significant American architect, Howard Van Doren Shaw, for its association with the driving economic force of industry that served as an identity of the region, and is representative of the planned industrial community movement of the late 19th and early 20th century."</p><br>
<p>Much of Marktown has been demolished and only 20% of the original community remains.</p><br>
<p>Racton Monument  is a folly situated on a hill in Racton, West Sussex, England. It was commissioned by the 2nd Earl of Halifax, possibly as a summerhouse for the nearby Stansted Estate, though an alternative theory suggests it could have been constructed so the Earl could watch his merchant ships dock at the nearby port village of Emsworth.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by architect Theodosius Keene, son of Henry Keene, and constructed between 1766 and 1775. It was designed with a triangular base, with a round turret at each angle. Of a red brick construction, the building was originally faced with flints and stood four storeys high (80 ft), a height it retains to this day. However, it has been abandoned for over a century and is in a state of ruin, with the floors and much of the original flint facing having disappeared, and its roof caving in.</p><br>
<p>It is owned by a private owner (Mr Chris Veltom of Sindles Farm) who has planning permission to turn the monument into a dwelling, though these plans are yet to materialise, if ever. Its isolated nature, being set away from populated places and major roads, has led to several cases of suicide at the monument, most recently in 2009. Occult acts are known to take place on occasion there. The monument is also popular with paranormal investigators visiting to investigate reported paranormal activity at the site. Witnesses claim to have seen bricks thrown from above, heard ghostly shouts, and intrigue surrounds the myth that the folly may have been used by smugglers.</p><br>
<p>Waldegg Castle is a castle near Solothurn, but in the municipality of Feldbrunnen-St.Niklaus of the Canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Baroque castle was built in 1682-86 as the summer home for Schultheiss Johann Viktor von Besenval (1638-1713) and his wife Maria Margaritha von Sury (1649—1713).</p><br>
<p>His son, Johann Viktor II (1671-1736) was a diplomat and an officer in the French Swiss Guards. After he inherited the castle he had it renovated (1729-34), adding a theater and the chapel of St. Michael, and decorated in the current French style. He brought numerous works of art back with him from France.</p><br>
<p>Johann Viktor IIs son, Baron Peter Viktor von Besenval (1721-1791) was born at the castle. However, he lived most of his life in France. He did, however, add an orangery to the castle in 1780. The French Revolution of 1789 was disastrous to the familys influence, business interests and wealth. While they were able to escape to Switzerland, their close ties to the old nobility made them unwelcome in France. When the Besenval family died out, the castle was abandoned until it was purchased by Joseph von Sury von Besenval in 1865. The new owner added two apartments and changed the Baroque garden into an English garden.</p><br>
<p>In 1963 the castle was transferred to the Waldegg Castle Foundation and in 1975 it became the headquarters of the Center for Intercultural Dialogue, an organization that fosters understanding between the different languages and cultures of Switzerland. Beginning in 1985 it was extensively renovated and repaired, a project that lasted twenty years. The castle museum opened in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Castle site</h2><br>
<p>The castle was built in the local Turmlihaus style, but incorporating elements of the French and Italian Baroque. The central building features three large towers and is flanked by symmetric, two story tall galleries with corner turrets. Niches in the galleries house allegorical statues which were carved in 1683 by Johann Peter Frölicher. The eastern turret houses the castle chapel with a high-Baroque altar from 1720. The second chapel has reproductions of St. Michael by Raphael and St Raphael by Domenico Fetti, the originals of which both hang in the Louvre. The main hall has ten allegorical paintings of the Arts and Sciences and is decorated with supraporte and trompe-lœil illusions. The eastern salon has a grisaille style ceiling painting while the west salon and billiard rooms both have trompe-lœil illusions painted on the ceiling.</p><br>
<p>Rethymno  is a city of approximately 40,000 people in Greece, the capital of Rethymno regional unit on the island of Crete, a former Latin Catholic bishopric as Retimo and former Latin titular see.</p><br>
<p>Rethymno was originally built during the Minoan civilization (ancient Rhithymna and Arsinoe). The city was prominent enough to mint its own coins and maintain urban growth. One of these coins is today depicted as the crest of the town: two dolphins in a circle.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This region as a whole is rich with ancient history, most notably through the Minoan civilisation centred at Kydonia east of Rethymno. Rethymno itself began a period of growth when the Venetian conquerors of the island decided to put an intermediate commercial station between Heraklion and Chania, acquiring its own bishop and nobility in the process. Today&#39;s old town (palia poli) is almost entirely built by the Republic of Venice. It is one of the best-preserved old towns in Crete.</p><br>
<p>From circa 1250 the city was the see of the Latin Diocese of Retimo, which was renamed Retimo–Ario after the absorption in 1551 of the Diocese of Ario and as suppressed only after the Turkish conquest.</p><br>
<p>The town still maintains its old aristocratic appearance, with its buildings dating from the 16th century, arched doorways, stone staircases, Byzantine and Hellenic-Roman remains, the small Venetian harbour and narrow streets. The Venetian Loggia houses the information office of the Ministry of Culture and Sports. A Wine Festival is held there annually at the beginning of July. Another festival, in memory of the destruction of the Arkadi Monastery, is held on 7–8 November.</p><br>
<p>The city&#39;s Venetian-era citadel, the Fortezza of Rethymno, is one of the best-preserved castles in Crete. Other monuments include the Neratze mosque (the Municipal Odeon arts centre), the Great Gate (Μεγάλη Πόρτα or "Porta Guora"), the Piazza Rimondi and the Loggia.</p><br>
<p>The town was captured by the Ottoman Empire in 1646 during the Cretan War (1645–69) and they ruled it for almost three centuries. The town, called Resmo in Turkish, was the centre of a sanjak (administrative part of a province) during Ottoman rule.</p><br>
<p>During the Battle of Crete (20–30 May 1941), the Battle of Rethymno was fought between German paratroopers and the Second Australian Imperial Force and Hellenic Army. Although initially unsuccessful, the Germans won the battle after receiving reinforcements from Maleme in the Northwestern part of the island.</p><br>
<p>Today the city&#39;s main income is from tourism, many new facilities having been built in the past 20 years. Agriculture is also notable, especially for olive oil and other Mediterranean products.</p><br>
<h2>Municipality</h2><br>
<p>The municipality of Rethymno was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 4 former municipalities, that became municipal units:</p><br>
<p>Arkadi</p><br>
<p>Lappa</p><br>
<p>Nikiforos Fokas</p><br>
<p>Rethymno</p><br>
<h2>Culture</h2><br>
<p>Rethymno is home to the following museums:</p><br>
<p>Archaeological Museum of Rethymno</p><br>
<p>Historical and Folklore Museum of Rethymno</p><br>
<p>Municipal Gallery "L. Kanakakis"</p><br>
<p>The Frantzeskaki Collection</p><br>
<p>Museum of Sea Life at Rethymno</p><br>
<h3>Literature</h3><br>
<p>Pandelis Prevelakis wrote Το χρονικό μιας πολιτείας (1937), The Chronicle of my Town, a nostalgic depiction of Rethymno from the period of the Cretan State (1898) to the expulsion of the Cretan Turks (1924).</p><br>
<h3>Sports</h3><br>
<p>Rethymno hosted the international athletics meeting known as Vardinogianneia. The athletics meeting stopped in 2012 due to Greek financial crisis. Rethymno has many sport clubs with presence in Panhellenic championships of various sports. Below is alist of the main sport clubs of Rethymno.</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<p>In the Rethymno Campus of the University of Crete are located the School of Philosophy, the School of Education, the School of Social, Economics and Political Sciences, and the University Library of the University of Crete. On a yearly basis, there are about 8.000 students studying at "Galos" where the Campus and the Academic Institute of Mediterranean Studies are located. Also in Rethymnon is located the Department of of the School for Applied Sciences of the Technological Institute of Crete (TEI of Crete) with ~500 Students. Finally, in Rethymno, is located the international research of the TEI of Crete.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Climate</h3><br>
<h2>Notable locals</h2><br>
<p>Georgios Chortatzis (1545–1610), dramatist in Cretan verse</p><br>
<p>Ahmed Resmî Efendi (1700–1783), Ottoman statesman, author and ambassador</p><br>
<p>Nikolaos Sifounakis (born 1949), Greek politician</p><br>
<p>Emetullah Rabia Gülnuş Sultan (1642–1715), valide sultan</p><br>
<p>Marcus Musurus (1470–1517), scholar and philosopher</p><br>
<p>Pandelis Prevelakis (1909–1986), writer</p><br>
<p>Manolis Xexakis (born 1949), poet and writer</p><br>
<p>Nick Dandolos (1883–1966), professional poker player</p><br>
<h2>International relations</h2><br>
<p>Rethymno is twinned with :</p><br>
<p>Ayia Napa, Cyprus</p><br>
<p>Castenaso, Italy</p><br>
<p>Pushkin, Russia</p><br>
<p>The Capt. George Raabe House in southeast Portland in the USA state of Oregon is a 1.5-story dwelling listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Built in 1902, it was added to the register in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The house, which combines elements of the American Craftsman, Shingle, and Colonial Revival architectural styles, was home to Captain George Raabe, who piloted steamships on the Columbia and Willamette rivers for the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company (OR&N). Features include a broad side-gabled roof with a half-tower, classical columns that support the front porch, and fluted pilasters by the main entrance. Originally a single-family dwelling, the house was converted to two dwellings in the 1940s. The first floor apartment has five rooms, and the upstairs apartment has three. A second front door, added in the 1983, leads to stairs to the second floor.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Raabe, born in Norway in 1852, moved to California with his parents in 1866 and to Oregon about two years later, after which he went to work for OR&N. Raabe was made captain of the steamship Old McMinnville; later he supervised construction of William H. Hoag. In 1880, he built Salem and later commanded Multnomah. In 1898, he went to Alaska during a gold rush to pilot steamers on the Stikine River.</p><br>
<p>Returning to Portland in about 1900, Raabe bought the house from the estate of James C. Hawthorne, a prominent East Portland physician. Once again piloting steamers on local rivers, Raabe lived in the house until he sold it to John H. James in about 1907. He later returned to Alaska to pilot boats on the Yukon River between White Horse and Dawson.</p><br>
<p>Calauit Island is an island of the Calamian Archipelago, just off the north-western coast of Busuanga Island. It is part of the municipality of Busuanga in the province of Palawan, Philippines. The entire island was declared as a wildlife sanctuary and game preserve in 1977, now is a tourist attraction known as Calauit Safari Park.</p><br>
<p>The wild animals were imported from Africa in the 1970s to save them from extinction. The imported animals include 20 giraffes, dozens of zebra and antelopes. Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos ordered the locals to move to Halsey Island and ordered to clear the bamboo forests to make the place similar to the savannahs of Kenya. Today, the African animals continue to roam around the island and the number of animals is increasing.</p><br>
<p>Bright Angel Lodge is a hotel complex at the South Rim of the Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. Designed by architect Mary Jane Colter, the lodge is a complex of cabins around a central lodge building, directly on the edge of the canyon. The rustic lodge complex is a major contributing structure in the Grand Canyon Village National Historic Landmark District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first accommodation at the location was established by James Thurber in 1896 at the head of the Bright Angel Trail leading into the canyon. Thurber ran a stagecoach line from the Grandview area to this new location to the west in 1896, building a small wood-frame hotel. At about the same time, Buckey ONeill built his cabin nearby, calling it ONeills Camp. Thurber acquired the ONeill cabin at about the time O&#39;Neill died in Cuba during the Spanish–American War. Thurber expanded the operation, establishing a tent camp for tourists and calling the complex the Bright Angel Hotel and the Bright Angel Camps.</p><br>
<p>Thurber sold the Bright Angel operation to Williams, Arizona hotelier Martin Buggeln, in time for the Grand Canyon Railroad to be completed to the South Rim in September. The railroad, which claimed most of the lands at the South Rim, including the Bright Angel site, cooperated with Buggeln while the railroad&#39;s El Tovar Hotel was being built immediately to the east of the Bright Angel Hotel, then bought out Buggeln when the new hotel was completed in 1905. The railroad renovated the older hotel and built cabins to replace the tents.</p><br>
<p>The Red Horse Station was originally built as a stage coach stop about 16 mi south of the South Rim. When the railroad was extended to the South Rim, Ralph Cameron disassembled the post and moved it to the South rim and rebuilt it just to the west of the Buckey ONeill Cabin in 1902, adding a wood frame second floor to the log first floor and calling it Camerons Hotel. From 1907 it housed the park&#39;s post office.</p><br>
<p>By the 1930s the Bright Angel operation needed renovation. The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, which owned the Grand Canyon Railroad and the South Rim concessions, asked architect Mary Colter to design a replacement. Colters initial designs resembled her Hermits Rest and Lookout Studio structures, both located nearby. The Park Service did not approve of such extensive use of stone for the new lodgings, and Colter revised the design to wood frame construction, Colter kept the O&#39;Neill Cabin and the Red Horse Cabin (removing its incongruous second floor) and replaced the tent cabins with new rustic cabins of log and local stone construction, completed in 1935. Colter took particular pains to integrate the new complex into the landscape, using a scale model to study the design.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The lodge is a large structure with a simple shallow-pitched gable roof. The roof overhangs at the main entry to form a gabled porch supported by peeled log posts. Colter used shed-roofed appendages to create a layered effect for the mass of the main lodge. Interior finishes included hand-adzed logs, adobe and local limestone. The stone fireplace materials reproduce the strata found in the Grand Canyon along the Bright Angel Trail in their correct sequence from bottom to top. The semi-detached cabins are laid out in the space between the lodge and the canyons rim, with some directly overlooking the canyon. Cabins were furnished with antiques and reproductions hand-picked by Colter. The lodges cocktail lounge features murals by Hopi artist Fred Kabotie.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation</h2><br>
<p>The Bright Angel Lodge and cabins are significant contributing structures in the Grand Canyon Village National Historic Landmark District. The historic district was expanded in 1982 to include the Bright Angel Lodge and its cabins. It had initially been left out of the nomination as it had not yet reached the 50-year age threshold, but the 1982 nomination made plain that the Bright Angel complex had such exceptional significance that it was worthy of waiving the 50-year requirement.</p><br>
<p>The Howell Opera House is an opera house located in Howell, Michigan. The site is listed as historic by The Michigan State Historic Preservation Office. It is also listed on The National Historic Register as part of the Howell Downtown Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Howell Opera House is a Victorian-style building with a seating capacity of 1,000 people. Plans for the theater were drawn and executed by Detroit architect, Almon C. Varney at the cost of $10,000. Construction began in 1880 by Hunter and Holmes Contractors and doors were opened to patrons on December 30, 1881. The building is located at 123 W. Grand River.</p><br>
<p>As the central part of the town, the edifice served not only for artistic performances but as a venue for several local occasions such as high school commencement. The theater also served, for a short duration, as home to the Livingston County Circuit Court in 1889.</p><br>
<p>The Howell Opera House was first owned by the Stair Brothers, E.D. and Orin, who assumed ownership in 1884. The theater was later purchased by Arthur Garland in 1893 who utilized a portion of the space to produce custom-tailored suits.</p><br>
<p>In 1923, the building was closed by the fire marshal. This brought an end to its intended use as quarters for entertainment. For more than 70 years, The Howell Opera House served as storage for a local hardware store.</p><br>
<h2>Renovation</h2><br>
<p>In 2000, The Livingston Arts Council purchased The Howell Opera House with plans to restore the patronage to function, once again, as a theater. Renovations began in 2001 with a slow start due to lack of funding. In 2007, the first installment of the development plan had been completed.</p><br>
<p>Renovations were made solely to the first floor. These renovations include refinished flooring and walls as well as new stairways. Plans have also been made for restoration of the second floor which houses the stage and balcony.</p><br>
<p>The renovated first floor of the Opera House is now available to rent for special events such as weddings and parties.</p><br>
<p>Frightful Cave  is a pre-Columbian archaeological site located in the state of Coahuila in northern Mexico. It was occupied on several occasions during the Archaic period by what seem to be nomadic hunter-gatherer groups and is an important source of archaeological evidence concerning the ancient desert tradition of the Central Mexican highlands.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Located in the Sierra Madre Oriental in the Northern Arid Zone of Mexico, Frightful Cave is surrounded by desert. The area is “largely too arid and rainfall is too undependable for cultivation," although edible plants can be found and the mountain ranges are covered in pine and oak forest. Many groups seem to have lived in the Coahuila region despite this arid climate, but they did not practice agriculture. The early desert culture started here in the Archaic period has been identified as one of the roots of later Mesoamerican cultures, and lasted through to the 19th century among Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin (such as the Paiute and the Shoshone) and among some native peoples of the Mexican Northern Arid Zone (such as the Seri).</p><br>
<h2>Discovery and excavation</h2><br>
<p>The archaeologist Walter W. Taylor excavated many sites in Northern Mexico and the Southern United States, focusing on Coahuila in the 1950s and 1960s. Radio-carbon dating places the Frightful Cave artifacts between approximately 7,500 years BCE and 185 CE.</p><br>
<h3>List of objects and artifacts</h3><br>
<p>Over 950 fibre sandals, fibre ties</p><br>
<p>One leather sandal, fibre ties</p><br>
<p>One complete twined fibre apron, leather ties</p><br>
<p>Various scraps of textiles, fibre, leather, furs, feathers</p><br>
<p>Several caches of mesquite beans in plaited-matting bags</p><br>
<p>Over 22,000 maguey ‘quids’</p><br>
<p>Two items, classified by Taylor as musical rasps</p><br>
<p>“A number of prickly pear pads, split open and with the ‘open edge’ sewn together to make a passable container”</p><br>
<p>Several bags of Texas buckeye seeds, and mescal beans, both having narcotic qualities</p><br>
<p>1,195 pieces of twisted cordage</p><br>
<p>Various balls of human hair</p><br>
<p>Remains of an aged woman, dressed in a loincloth and sandals, wrapped in a mat</p><br>
<p>All items were found within three strata, with certain items unique to each. For example, while sandals were found in each level, the hair was found only in the earliest stratum. Interestingly, although they were found in many other caves in the area, Taylor reports that there were no arrow parts found in Frightful Cave, “whose occupation was probably too early.”</p><br>
<h2>Anthropological analysis</h2><br>
<p>Inside Frightful Cave, comparisons of the different strata allowed for temporal analysis of the cave’s inhabitants, while comparisons to other caves in the area allowed for spatial analysis. Spatially, it has been found that there was likely cultural exchange between various nomadic groups both within the Coahuila complex and across nearby regions.</p><br>
<p>Chronological trends have also been observed, indicating the repeated occupation by culturally similar groups with evolving cultural practices. These trends are thought to indicate groups’ changing duration of stay, from “more or less constant in the lower levels” to “increasingly intermittent in the upper levels,” since it appears that less effort was put in to keep a clean living space. Changes of this nature would make sense if groups no longer spent such long periods in the cave. This development has been linked to a known increase in aridity in the region which may have resulted in a new distribution of food sources.</p><br>
<p>The argument for changing migration based on new patterns of subsistence is a strong one, as groups in the desert tradition are widely believed to have been nomads who would have settled in various areas as local wild foodstuffs became available. Shafer has theorized that Frightful Cave may have been part of a seasonal round made by these hunter-gatherer groups, which, along with other caves in the area, would have been inhabited from spring through early summer, “when foods such as flowers, bulbs, fruits and plums were available.” Similarly, Taylor posits water accessibility to be the determining factor of such groups’ migratory patterns, meaning shifts thereof may also be accounted for by increasing aridity. Changes in the style and construction of the radiocarbon-dated sandals also suggest a certain cultural discontinuity in the later occupation of Frightful Cave.</p><br>
<p>There is almost no evidence concerning the religious or artistic cultural lives of Frightful Cave’s inhabitants, with the exception being the human hair found deposited at the back of the cave in the first stratum. The hairs appear to have “been cut at regular intervals of about one month” based on their cut ends and lengths. Archival evidence suggests this may have been a mourning practice, but the purpose of such ritual handling of hair has not been concretely determined.</p><br>
<p>Formakin House is an early 20th-century mansion and estate in Renfrewshire, Scotland. It is located 2 km south of the Firth of Clyde, and 2.5 km west of Bishopton. Formakin was designed by Robert Lorimer for wealthy businessman John Holms, though the main house was never completed. It declined during the 20th century, but in the 1990s, restoration of the estate buildings was completed.</p><br>
<p>The house is protected as a category A listed building, and the grounds are included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland, the national listing of significant gardens.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Formakin was the creation of John Augustus Holms (d. 1938), a stockbroker and art collector from Paisley. He purchased Millbank Farm, as it was then known, in 1902 and commissioned a new house that would contain his art collection, from his friend, the architect Robert Lorimer. Lorimer initially prepared plans for the estate, which was laid out from 1903. In 1907 the entrance lodges and stables were designed. The following year Lorimer converted the Old Meal Mill by the Dargavel Burn, where Holms lived while the new house was underway.</p><br>
<p>Lorimer produced designs for the house in 1909, in the style of a 17th-century Scottish tower house. Other buildings on the estate follow the same pattern. The former stable or bothy block, now known as the Miller&#39;s Tower, bears a stone inscribed with the date "1694", with the letters "DL" standing for "damned lie". Peter Anderson Graham, editor of Country Life, when shown a photograph of the building believed that it did in fact date to the 17th century. The gate lodges are topped with stone monkeys, earning the local nickname "The Monkey House". The walled garden and other planting in the grounds was designed by Lorimer under the guidance of Gertrude Jekyll.</p><br>
<p>The shell of the house had been completed by 1913, when work stopped. Holms had lost money on a bad speculation, and a fall from a horse supposedly upset his mental balance. Further work was carried out in 1920, but the house was never completed. Nevertheless, Holms continued to live on the estate, giving dinner parties in the half-finished house.</p><br>
<h3>After Holms</h3><br>
<p>When Holms died in debt in 1938, Formakin was sold to the Bradford-born entrepreneur Albert Ernest Pickard, owner of the Britannia Panopticon among other Glasgow ventures. It was requisitioned by the military during the Second World War, and maintenance began to decline. By the 1970s the buildings and grounds were derelict. After the Pickards died, a proposal was put forward to develop 195 houses on the estate, but planning permission was refused. Renfrew District Council campaigned to save the estate, eventually purchasing it in 1984 with funding from the National Heritage Memorial Fund. Formakin was operated as a visitor attraction for a time, and plans were made to redevelop the buildings and grounds. The venture was not successful, and Formakin was sold to developer Kit Martin, a specialist in country house restoration. Between 1988 and 1999 the estate buildings were restored and converted into 17 dwellings. Parts of the estate are now open to the public, and the Millers House is operated as bed and breakfast accommodation.</p><br>
<p>The Upper Castle in Zizers is a castle in the municipality of Zizers of the Canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Upper Castle in Zizers was built for Baron Simon von Salis (1646-1694) who was from the Tirano, Italy branch of the large and wealthy Salis family. Simon was the Captain over the Valtellina and had spent years in mercenary service in Sicily. When he built the castle in Zizers, the design was inspired by the architecture of Italian palaces. The castle was renovated in 1725 and again in 1790-1800. During the 18th century the castle was completely covered in facade paintings. Painting illusionary architectural elements was common in northern Italy during the 18th century and shows a continuing relationship with this branch of the Salis family and Italy.</p><br>
<p>The last members of the family, Franziska von Salis-Zizers and Therese von Salis-Zizers died in 1976 and 1977 respectively. After their deaths the castle library, with over 1000 volumes including many 17th through 19th century letters, business records, archives and chronicles were donated to the Cantonal Archives.</p><br>
<h2>Castle site</h2><br>
<p>The castle is a square, massive building topped with a hipped roof. The 18th century facade paintings cover the entire building and include trompe-l&#39;œil columns, illusionary windows, elaborate window frames and stone walls. Currently the castle is privately owned.</p><br>
<p>Bremgarten Castle  is a castle in the municipality of Bremgarten of the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first castle at Bremgarten was the ancestral home of the Barons of Bremgarten, who are first mentioned during the mid-12th century. The Barons&#39; family church, St. Michaels, was first mentioned in 1275, though it was probably from the 10th or 11th century. The Barons ruled over lands that stretched along the Aare river at least as far as from Worblaufen to Kirchlindach. In early 1298, Fribourg and her allied nobles, including the Barons of Bremgarten, fought Bern in the Jammer valley at Donnerbühl. The battle was a Bernese victory and shortly thereafter Bern conquered and burned Bremgarten town and after a short siege destroyed the castle.</p><br>
<p>By 1306 the three Bremgarten brothers had a ruined town, a ruined castle and mounting debts. They were forced to sell their lands, castle, rights and ferry to the Knights Hospitaller commandry of Buchsee (Münchenbuchsee). The commandry rebuilt the ruined town and castle and made it into a residence and headquarters of the commander.</p><br>
<p>After the death of Peter Englisberg in 1528 the Bernese government sold the land and castle to the conqueror of Vaud, Schultheiss Hans Franz Nägeli. He demolished the old castle, except for the keep and curtain walls, and had a renaissance country manor built. After the death of Schultheiss Nägeli in 1579 the castle went to the Knight banneret Ludwig Brüggler who had married Nägelis second daughter. After the death of Brüggler in 1598, it was bought by Knight banneret Niklaus Kilchberg who gave it to his son, also named Niklaus. It remained with the Kilchberg family until 1727 when it was sold to Marc Elie de Chemilleret of Biel for 15,000 pounds. In 1743 it went to Gabriel von Wattenwyl who was the nephew of Marc Elies second wife, Magdalena von Watteville. Fischer von Reichenbach bought it in 1761 for 80,000 pounds, but sold it four years later in 1765 to Albrecht Frisching.</p><br>
<p>Albrecht Frisching was a professor of the Greek language in Bern, had been a member of the Grand Council in 1775 and governor of Landshut from 1782 to 1789. By 1780 Frisching completely rebuilt the old castle converting it into a baroque summer palace. He had the entrance to the castle expanded and rebuilt. The castle hill was built up and leveled to create a spacious courtyard and gardens around the castle. In 1803, after the Act of Mediation, Albrecht Frisching refused a seat on the Grand Council and instead retired to Bremgarten Castle.</p><br>
<p>The Swiss painter Ricco grew up in the castle where his parents Max and Tilli Wassmer threw lavish parties with well-known poets, painters and composers. Hermann Hesse described the atmosphere in the short novel Journey to the East.</p><br>
<p>Hindelbank Castle is a castle in the municipality of Hindelbank of the Canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance. It was sold to the canton in 1866 and later became a workhouse and a prison. Currently, it is the administration building of the only women&#39;s prison in Switzerland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hindelbank Castle was built in 1720-25 for Schultheiss Hieronymus von Erlach by Daniel Stürler (1674-1746) based on plans from the French architect Joseph Abeille. The floor plan was based on Thunstetten Castle which Abeille had designed for von Erlach in 1711. The castle remained in the Erlach family until 1866 when Robert von Erlach sold the castle to the Canton of Bern and the surrounding land to a private buyer. Under the cantons ownership, the castle became a workhouse for poor women, until 1896 when it became a womens reformatory. It was extensively renovated in 1962-66 and again in 1996. After the first renovation it became the administrative center for Switzerlands only womens prison, a role that it still fulfills today.</p><br>
<h2>Design and layout</h2><br>
<p>The imposing castle was built with a north facing cour d&#39;honneur or three-sided courtyard with a two story corps de logis topped with a steep hipped roof. The façade of the central building features two rows of seven symmetrical windows and doors.</p><br>
<p>Köniz Castle  is a castle in the municipality of Köniz of the Canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The castle was originally built as a monastery and church for the college of Augustinian Canons. According to tradition, the church was established by the Burgundian monarchs Rudolph II and Bertha, which places the founding year between 922 and his death in 937. Archeological excavations have found evidence of an early medieval church below the current structure. The oldest parts of the current building date from the 11th century and the college of Canons is first mentioned in 1208. The Canons at Köniz were quite powerful and controlled extensive holdings. They had direct authority over five large parishes between the Aare and Sense rivers. The head of the Canons was also the dean over 29 additional parishes in the Diocese of Lausanne.</p><br>
<p>In 1226 King Henry and Emperor Frederick II gave Köniz to the Teutonic Knights as a Commandery. However, many local nobles and religious leaders objected to this sudden transfer. For almost twenty years the ownership of the monastery and its extensive landholdings and rights were tied up in courts. Finally in 1243 a bishop&#39;s court ruled in favor of the Knights. The population of Bern boycotted services in Köniz for another ten years, until 1253. During the 13th and 14th centuries the Commandery gained authority over the parish in Bern itself as well as other nearby parishes. The Commandery never had very many knights or lay brothers in residence, but most of the knights came from noble families in Switzerland.</p><br>
<p>In 1388 Bern acquired control over the county of Aarburgund, which included Köniz. This gave the Commandery religious control over Bern, while Bern had secular control over Köniz and the Commandery. For the next century, Bern struggled to regain religious authority over itself. The first step was beginning construction of the Bern Minster in 1421. In 1485 they established the college of Canons of St. Vincent and separated from the Commandery.</p><br>
<p>In 1528, Bern adopted the new faith of the Protestant Reformation and attempted to secularize the religious houses throughout the Canton. The Knights of the Commandery fled Köniz and refused the give up the rights to the building and their estates. In the following year, Bern annexed the Commandery buildings. However, in 1542, the powerful Teutonic Order forced Bern to return the buildings in Köniz. They offered to sell it back to Bern in 1552, but the city judged it too expensive. The Knights continued to collect rents from their lands, but lost their military and judicial authority.</p><br>
<p>In 1610 the main building was rebuilt and renovated. A west wing was added to the building in 1664. A granary was added in 1724. In 1729, the Canton of Bern decided to buy the buildings from the Knights and converted it into a district administration building. The Canton completely renovated it in 1785-87. Following the 1798 French invasion and the creation of the Helvetic Republic the district was dissolved and the building was used by several different institutions. It was an educational institution for boys from 1836–75, then for girls from 1875-89. In 1825 the west wing became the parsonage for the former monastery church. In 1890 it became an institution for the blind, which operated until 1919. From 1925 until 1994 it was a girls&#39; home and school.</p><br>
<p>In 1994 it was sold to the community and part of it was converted into an artist&#39;s space, art gallery and meeting center, known as the Kulturhof. In December 2011 the municipality voted to create the Schlosszone Köniz, a mixed use zone that includes the church, castle buildings, cemetery and green spaces. The Schlosszone will allow both businesses to develop in the area and help fund the restoration and maintenance of the historic buildings. Today the Swiss Reformed parish of Köniz uses the Commandery church as a parish church. The castle buildings house a restaurant, a music school, the Bern School Museum and the Kulturhof.</p><br>
<h3>The commandery church</h3><br>
<p>Portions of the nave were built in the Romanesque style in the 11th century, above an earlier church. In the 13th century the nave was extended and a bell tower was added on the north side. A new choir was added to the building in 1310. In the 16th century the church was rebuilt in the late-Gothic style. New windows were added to the southern nave wall and the ceilings were redone. A strip painting showing three saints is still visible from that project. After the Protestant Reformation, much of the art and sculpture were removed from the building. At some point before the castle was sold to Bern in 1729, the church choir was redone in the Baroque style. The entire building was renovated again in 1781-87. During the renovation, an organ loft and a five-part organ case were added by Karl Josef Maria Bosshardt. In 1937, Ernst Linck and Leo Steck added stained glass windows that represented the history of the church of Köniz. The most recent renovation was in 1981-83.</p><br>
<h2>List of the Komtur of Köniz</h2><br>
<p>Heinrich, um 1241, 1262</p><br>
<p>Burkard, 1256</p><br>
<p>Goezinus, 1263</p><br>
<p>Konrad von Fischerbach, 1268, 1292</p><br>
<p>Burkard von Schwanden, 1275</p><br>
<p>Volpert, 1277</p><br>
<p>Heinrich von Blansingen, 1279</p><br>
<p>Werner Fasser, 1309, 1319</p><br>
<p>Konrad Küchlin, 1310</p><br>
<p>Otto von Schliengen, 1312</p><br>
<p>Konrad von Sigolsheim, 1319-1322</p><br>
<p>Peter von Strassburg, 1325-1329</p><br>
<p>Konrad von Kramburg, 1331-1338</p><br>
<p>Ulrich von Dettingen, 1344</p><br>
<p>Hartmann von Ballwil, 1345-1346</p><br>
<p>Heinrich von Dettingen, 1348-1355</p><br>
<p>Mangold von Brandis, 1356</p><br>
<p>Roman von Kuchimeister, 1356</p><br>
<p>Werner von Brandis, 1357</p><br>
<p>Ulrich von Königsegg, 1357/1358</p><br>
<p>Franz Senno, 1364, 1398</p><br>
<p>Vinzenz von Bubenberg, 1365-1368</p><br>
<p>Friedrich von Ebersberg, 1368</p><br>
<p>Günther von Strassburg, 1373-1376</p><br>
<p>Arnold Schaler, 1377-1379</p><br>
<p>Johann von Gerstungen, 1386-1388</p><br>
<p>Johann Böcklin, 1392</p><br>
<p>Henmann von Erlach, 1408-1414</p><br>
<p>Daniel von Schletten, 1418, 1430</p><br>
<p>Hans von Neuenhausen, 1442-1444</p><br>
<p>Hans Truchsess von Rheinfelden, 1445-1451</p><br>
<p>Henmann von Erlach, 1452-1454</p><br>
<p>Rudolf von Rechberg, 1460, 1476</p><br>
<p>Andreas Schmitt, 1462</p><br>
<p>Christoph Reich von Reichenstein, 1485, 1500</p><br>
<p>Rudolf von Andlau, 1497</p><br>
<p>Rudolf von Friedingen, 1503-1519</p><br>
<p>Albrecht von Breitenlandenberg, 1519-1523</p><br>
<p>Hans Heinrich von Vogt von Altensumerau und Prasberg, 1523-1528</p><br>
<p>Münchenwiler Castle is a castle and former Cluniac priory in the municipality of Münchenwiler of the Canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1080-81 the village was given by the brothers Gerold and Rudolf de Vilar to Cluny Abbey. Shortly thereafter a priory was founded, which served as a way station for pilgrims on the Way of St. James. The Priory church was built in 1100, using spolia from the Roman ruins at Avenches. The small priory community normally consisted of a prior and two to four monks. The priory suffered during the local wars of the 14th and 15th centuries. It was damaged during the Battle of Laupen in 1339. Over a century later, in 1448, it was damaged again during the Freiburgkrieg between the emergent city-states of Bern and Fribourg. In 1476 it was damaged a third time during the Burgundian Wars. During the 15th century, the small priory began to lose importance until the office of prior was reduced to a title without power. In 1484, by papal decree, leadership of the priory was transferred to the college of canons of the Munster of Bern. In 1528, Bern adopted the Protestant Reformation. Despite resistance from Fribourg, in 1530 Bern was able to retain control and secularize Münchenwiler.</p><br>
<p>In 1535 Bern sold the Herrschaft of Münchenwiler to the former Bernese Schultheiss Hans Jakob von Wattenwyl. Over the next two years, under von Wattenwyl, portions of the priory church and priory buildings were converted into a castle. It remained with the von Wattenwyl family until 1612. For the next fifty years it passed through several owners, before the von Graffenried family acquired it in 1668 and held it until 1932. The castle was expanded in 1690 and again in the 19th century. A new chapel was added to the castle in 1886. Following the 1798 French invasion, Münchenwiler became part of the Helvetic Republic in the short lived Canton of Sarine et Broye. Under the new Republic, the castle&#39;s lands were transferred to the municipality. The von Graffenried family became impoverished in the early 20th century and in 1922 they began to sell some of their property in the area. In 1932 they sold the castle and its remaining park land to a consortium from Neuchâtel. In 1943 the consortium sold it to the Canton of Bern, who converted it into a community Hochschule. Later it became an adult education school before being renovated and converted into a hotel and convention center in 1986-90.</p><br>
<p>Oberdiessbach Castle Schloss Oberdiessbach  is a castle in the municipality of Oberdiessbach of the Canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The town of Oberdiessbach (known as Diessbach until 1870) was the center of the late medieval Herrschaft of Diessbach. The first castle in the area, Diessenberg on the Falkenfluh was built above the town and was destroyed in 1331. In 1546 Niklaus von Diesbach built the Alte Schloss (Old Castle) on the valley floor near the town. In 1666, near the Old Castle, construction began on the Neue Schloss or New Castle for Albrecht von Wattenwyl (1617-1671). Albrecht von Wattenwyl had been a commander of the Swiss Guard in service to the French king. So, he had the castle built in the French late Renaissance style. It was built by the Neuchatel architect Jonas Favre. The castle exterior remained generally unchanged after initial construction finished in 1668. The only major changes occurred around 1720, when the gate house was converted into a prison and in the 1850s when the garden was redone in the English style. The garden remained an English garden until 2005 when it was converted back into a Baroque style garden.</p><br>
<h2>The castle today</h2><br>
<p>Today Oberdiessbach Castle remains the home of the von Wattenwyl family. Groups may tour the castle from April until October with prior arraignments. Some rooms in the castle and the gardens can be rented for events. Every July there are several Jazz concerts in the castle gardens as part of the Castle Jazz Festival. The castle is surrounded by a 75 hectare of working farms.</p><br>
<p>Spiez Castle  is a castle in the municipality of Spiez of the Swiss canton of Bern. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to Elogius Kiburger, the author of the Strättliger Chronicle, in 933 the King of Burgundy, Rudolph II, built the Castle. Shortly thereafter, the Freiherr von Strättligen settled in the castle. Portions of the current castle shield walls and main tower were built during the 12th century and by the 13th century the town of Spiez existed outside the castle walls. By 1280 the castle was listed as an Imperial fief under Vogt Richard de Corbières. In 1289 the Freiherr von Strättligen was co-owner of the castle along with a succession of other noble families. In 1308 King Albert I of Habsburg was murdered at Windisch on the Reuss, by his nephew Duke John Parricida. As part of their retaliation for the murder, the Habsburgs withdrew half of the Spiez fief from Thüring von Brandis and granted the whole fief to Johannes von Strättligen. Thirty years later, in 1338, Johannes sold the castle, town, church and surrounding villages to Johann II von Bubenberg who was the Schultheiss of Bern. By 1340, the Bubenberg appointed vogt took orders from Bern, but was obligated to raise troops for the Habsburgs. As Bern was de facto independent from their former overlords, the Habsburgs, this created an unstable situation which remained for over 40 years. After the Bernese and Swiss Confederation victory over the Habsburgs in the Battle of Sempach in 1386, the Habsburgs gave up their land claims west of the Aare, which included Spiez.</p><br>
<p>The castle and surrounding land remained with the Bubenberg family until their extinction in 1506, when it was acquired by Ludwig von Diesbach. Von Diesbach held it for ten years before Ludwig von Erlach acquired the castle and lands. The von Erlach family ruled the town and villages until the 1798 French invasion. After the invasion and the creation of the Helvetic Republic, the von Erlach family lost their land rights and jurisdiction over the village, but retained ownership of the castle until 1875.</p><br>
<p>The old castle was expanded in several stages during the Late Middle Ages but little is known about the specific dates or what was changed. In 1600 the great hall and the northern buildings were expanded and renovated. During the 17th and 18th centuries the south "New Castle" was built and then expanded and redecorated in the late Baroque style. The castle was surrounded with gardens, vineyards and forests. After 1875, the castle passed through several owners until a foundation bought the castle and associated church. The gardens are now open to the public and the castle rooms are used for conferences, concerts, exhibitions and other events.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The massive square keep was built around 1200. The lower walls are about 3 m thick though they become thinner higher up. At the bottom it is 11.3 x. The tower increased in height several times over the following centuries before the final construction phase in 1600. In this final phase the tower was raised and crowned with hipped roof that brought its total height to 39 m.</p><br>
<p>The keep was originally surrounded by several free standing wooden buildings. Over the following centuries these buildings were replaced with a stone curtain wall and a ring of two concentric ditches. A gatehouse was built adjacent to the keep, which opened toward the west.</p><br>
<p>Around 1300 a residence wing was added north of the keep. It was probably lower at that time than it is today and was connected to the keep by a wooden gallery. During the second half of the 13th century a number of tournaments must have been held around the castle because the visiting knights carved graffiti into the plaster of the main chimney. In the 14th century an additional north wing was added onto the residence wing.</p><br>
<p>From the 15th to the 18th century, the castle was gradually renovated to its present appearance. The gallery was expanded and another story was added to the residence hall. The Trüel was added to the north-west side of the keep in the 16th century. Then, in the 17th and 18th centuries, the Baroque "New Castle" was built on the south side of the gatehouse.</p><br>
<p>Thun Castle  is a castle in the city of Thun, in the Swiss canton of Bern. It was built in the 12th century, today houses the Thun Castle museum, and is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the Early Middle Ages there was a small fort and church on the top of the castle hill. The castle was built between 1180 and 1190 by Duke Berthold V of Zähringen, who constructed the still preserved keep to the level of the Knights Hall (Rittersaal). The 14 m tall Knights Hall was built as the centerpiece of a monument to Zähringen power. However, the family never lived in the castle, preferring Burgdorf Castle. In 1218 it was inherited by the House of Kyburg, who built the upper levels above the Zähringen castle. A quarrel over who would rule the southern Kyburg lands led, in 1322, to Eberhard II von Kyburg murdering his brother Hartmann II at the castle. To protect his newly acquired land from the Habsburgs Eberhard II then sold them to Bern and was promptly given them back as a fief. The Kyburgs ruled over the region for nearly two centuries until a failed raid by Rudolf II on Solothurn, in 1382, started the Burgdorferkrieg (also Kyburgerkrieg). After several decisive Bernese victories the Kyburgs were forced to concede an unfavorable peace. In 1384 Bern bought Thun and Burgdorf, the most important cities of the Kyburg lands. The castle came under Bernese control and became the seat of their local administration.</p><br>
<p>The massive roof (1430–36) comes from the Bernese period. Due to the lack of residences in the castle, in 1429, an administrative and residential wing was added to the west of the keep, built in late Gothic style, and known as the "new castle". The castle was the seat of the local court and since at least the 17th century there was a prison under the roof of the donjon. In 1886 a new prison was built on the castle grounds. Two years later, in 1888, the museum opened in the castle. For a time the jailer was also the ticket seller and guard for the museum.</p><br>
<p>In 2006, the castle was bought by the city of Thun from the canton of Bern. Until the end of 2009 the Bernese Oberland regional court was based in the castle.</p><br>
<h2>The castle museum</h2><br>
<p>The castle museum is housed in the five floors of the tower, and includes cultural and historic displays showing the development of the region over some 4,000 years. It is open daily between February and October, and on Sundays only for the rest of the year. The great hall is used for concerts or plays, and can be hired for private events.</p><br>
<p>Troubridge Island is an island located in the south west corner of Gulf St Vincent in South Australia near the eastern edge of the Troubridge Shoals off the east coast of Yorke Peninsula about 8 km southeast by east of the town of Edithburgh It is notable for being a site of an operating lighthouse from 1856 until 2002 and as a site for a sea bird rookery. Since 1982, the island has been part of the Troubridge Island Conservation Park.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Troubridge Island is located approximately 8 km southeast by east of the town of Edithburgh near the eastern edge of the Troubridge Shoals. It is a ‘crest of sand’ which is permanently above high tide and which is stabilised by the presence of vegetation. At high water, the Island had an area of 2 hectare and a height of 5 m as of 1996. At low water, its intertidal zone extends for at least 1 km from its high water mark. The island is most accessible at high tide, when there is sufficient water over the intertidal zone to allow a boat reach the permanently dry land. Since 1988, access to the island has been restricted to these with permits provided by the Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<h3>Flora</h3><br>
<p>Most of the 31 plant species recorded from the island are introduced. The vegetation consists of low shrubland dominated by nitre bush, grey saltbush and African boxthorn. Other prominent plants present are tree mallow, sea rocket, marram grass and hairy spinifex.</p><br>
<h3>Fauna</h3><br>
<p>Fauna on Troubridge Island is represented by both birds and reptiles. As of 2009, almost 60 native bird species have been recorded including 21 species of conservation significance and 22 species listed as migratory. Dominant species include black-faced cormorants, Caspian terns, crested terns and fairy terns, Pacific gulls, little penguins, pied cormorants and silver gulls.</p><br>
<p>As of 1996, starlings, an introduced species, is reported as having a population of 10,000 and was "competing with native species for roosting sites and fouling the keepers&#39; cottages." The following reptile species have been recorded on Troubridge Island: marbled geckos and sleepy lizards.</p><br>
<h4>Little penguin colony</h4><br>
<p>Troubridge Island&#39;s little penguin colony was approximately 3000-5000 birds during the 1980s. In 2009, its population was estimated to be 3010 breeding adults. In 2011, the colony was believed to be stable. A census conducted in 2013 estimated a total population of 270 breeding adults, showing a severe and unexplained decline.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>European discovery and use</h3><br>
<p>Matthew Flinders discovered the Troubridge Shoals on 1 April 1802, however he did not report the existence of the island.</p><br>
<p>A lighthouse known as the Troubridge Island lighthouse was erected on the island as a means to reduce shipping losses caused by the strandings on the Troubridge Shoals. It was first lit in 1856. It was converted to automatic operation in 1981 and its role as a navigation aid was taken over progressively from 1980 by a new lighthouse located on Troubridge Hill on Yorke Peninsula to the west of Troubridge Island. It was decommissioned in 2001.</p><br>
<p>In 1981, the island was sold to the South Australian Government who proceeded with the establishment of the Troubridge Island Conservation Park. The land associated with the lighthouse being leased by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA). In 1993, the lease was transferred to the South Australian Government for the remainder of its term.</p><br>
<h2>Troubridge Shoals</h2><br>
<p>Troubridge Island is part of Troubridge Shoals which extend across to Yorke Peninsula and constitutes a hazard to shipping. Troubridge Shoals has been the cause of over 33 wrecks and groundings. During the period October 1849 to May 1850, at least seven vessels ran aground. precipitating the erection of a lighthouse in 1855.</p><br>
<p>Marion Reef, south of Troubridge Island, was named for the Marion, which ran aground in 1851 as did many others, has been (incorrectly) identified as part of Troubridge Shoals.</p><br>
<h2>Protected areas status</h2><br>
<h3>Statutory</h3><br>
<p>Troubridge Island has been part of the Troubridge Island Conservation Park since 1982. In 1986, the park was extended for a distance about 1 km around the island to cover most of the sandbar of which the island is part. Since 2012, the island has been located within the boundaries of the Lower Yorke Peninsula Marine Park.</p><br>
<h3>Non-statutory</h3><br>
<p>The island (and some of the adjoining sandbar exposed at low tide) has been nominated as an Important Bird Area (IBA) known as the Troubridge Island Important Bird Area by BirdLife International. The basis for the nomination is that the IBA supports over 1% of the world populations of both black-faced cormorants (with up to 4000 individuals) and silver gulls (with up to 10,000 breeding pairs) as well as supporting "significant numbers of the vulnerable Fairy Tern".</p><br>
<p>Bonnet Lake or Lake Bonnet is a 268 acre natural freshwater lake in Highlands County, Florida. It is bounded on the north by Lake Bonnet Village, on its west by Bonnet Lake Campgrounds, on its southwest by a railroad line and on its south and southeast by Highlands Ridge. On part of its north shore is a citrus grove. To the lake&#39;s northeast is a large wooded area. Lake Bonnet Village and Bonnet Lake Campgrounds are mobile home and recreational vehicle parks for residents aged 55 and greater. Highlands Village is a retirement housing development.</p><br>
<p>The lake was so named for the abundance of a water flower called "bonnets".</p><br>
<h2>Boating and fishing information</h2><br>
<p>A boat ramp on the north side of the lake is in the middle of Lake Bonnet Village. It may be used by anyone who pays the fee collected at the Village administrative building up the hill from the lake. There are no other boat ramps that can be used by the public. There are no public swimming areas on the lake shore. Bonnet Lake may be fished. The HookandBullet.Com website says the lake contains bluegill, gar and blue catfish.</p><br>
<h2>Islands of lake</h2><br>
<p>Most of the small natural lakes in the area have no or very few islands in them. Bonnet Lake has five islands, none of which have structures on them. All are small or very small. Two are located just off the shore of Lake Bonnet Village. One of these islands, the lake&#39;s largest and triangular in shape, is 300 ft west of the boat ramp. It is in front of the entrance to a canal. To enter the canal, boats must go around the island, which measures 200 ft across its widest point. The other island off the Village is between the boat ramp and a private boat dock west of the ramp. It measures 100 ft by 20 ft.</p><br>
<p>Two of the islands are just off the shore of Bonnet Lake Campgrounds. One of them, at the north end of the Campgrounds, measures 45 ft by 40 ft. The other is further south and is somewhat round, measuring 75 ft by 75 ft. A very tiny island, 10 ft by 5 ft, is off the northeast shore of Lake Bonnet.</p><br>
<p>Chester City Club is at 1 Northgate Street, Chester, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The newsroom was built in 1807, to a design by Thomas Harrison. It was later renamed as the Commercial Newsroom. In 1815 the contents of the city library were moved into the building, but later transferred into the Mechanics Institute, before the creation of the citys free public library in 1877. The newsroom was managed by a committee, and at the time its "automatic" members included the mayor, the local members of parliament, and leading military officers. Since the middle of the 19th century it has been known as the Chester City Club.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building is constructed in yellow ashlar stone on the front, and brown brick on the sides and rear. Its architectural style is Greek Revival. The building is expressed as two storeys at the front, and three at the back. On the front facing Northgate Street the lower storey consists of a rusticated three-bay arcade, set behind which are modern shop fronts. In the upper storey are four Ionic pilasters dividing it into three bays, each of which contains a 24-pane sash window. At the top of the building is a pediment above an architrave and a frieze. On each side of the building, to the north and the south, are passages leading St Peter&#39;s Churchyard. The rear of the building contains the original entrance to the club.</p><br>
